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Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automatic summarization but the reasons behind their successes are poorly understood. By conducting a human evaluation on ten LLMs across different pretraining methods, prompts, and model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Tianyi Zhang , Faisal Ladhak , Esin Durmus , Percy Liang , Kathleen McKeown , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

We examine, analyze, and compare four representative creativity measures--perplexity, LLM-as-a-Judge, the Creativity Index (CI; measuring n-gram overlap with web corpora), and syntactic templates (detecting repetition of common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Li-Chun Lu , Miri Liu , Pin-Chun Lu , Yufei Tian , Shao-Hua Sun , Nanyun Peng

Generative AI has demonstrated unprecedented creativity in the field of computer vision, yet such phenomena have not been observed in natural language processing. In particular, large language models (LLMs) can hardly produce written works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jing Chen , Xinyu Zhu , Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Yadong Xi , Yuxiang Zhang , Junjie Wang , Jiashu Pu , Rongsheng Zhang , Yujiu Yang , Tian Feng

We evaluate recent Large Language Models (LLMs) on the challenging task of summarizing short stories, which can be lengthy, and include nuanced subtext or scrambled timelines. Importantly, we work directly with authors to ensure that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Melanie Subbiah , Sean Zhang , Lydia B. Chilton , Kathleen McKeown

Automatic systems are increasingly used to assess the originality of responses in creative tasks. They offer a potential solution to key limitations of human assessment (cost, fatigue, and subjectivity), but there is preliminary evidence of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Umberto Domanti , Moritz Mock , Sergio Agnoli , Antonella De Angeli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now capable of generating highly fluent, human-like text. They enable many applications, but also raise concerns such as large scale spam, phishing, or academic misuse. While much work has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Swati Rallapalli , Shannon Gallagher , Ronald Yurko , Tyler Brooks , Chuck Loughin , Michele Sezgin , Violet Turri

Language models (LMs) are powerful tools for natural language processing, but they often struggle to produce coherent and fluent text when they are small. Models with around 125M parameters such as GPT-Neo (small) or GPT-2 (small) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ronen Eldan , Yuanzhi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in code generation. The integration of Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning can further boost their performance. However, current CoT methods often require manual writing or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Zhang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Taolue Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in scientific tasks such as literature analysis and experimental design (e.g., accurately extracting key findings from papers or generating coherent experimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kai Ruan , Xuan Wang , Jixiang Hong , Peng Wang , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

With recent advances in large language models (LLMs), the concept of automatically generating children's educational materials has become increasingly realistic. Working toward the goal of age-appropriate simplicity in generated educational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Maria Valentini , Jennifer Weber , Jesus Salcido , Téa Wright , Eliana Colunga , Katharina Kann

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable creative abilities in generating literary texts, including poetry and short stories. However, prior research has primarily centered on English, with limited exploration of non-English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Armin Tourajmehr , Mohammad Reza Modarres , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional proficiency in natural language processing but often fall short of generating creative and original responses to open-ended questions. To enhance LLM creativity, our key insight is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Li-Chun Lu , Shou-Jen Chen , Tsung-Min Pai , Chan-Hung Yu , Hung-yi Lee , Shao-Hua Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a potential solution to automate the complex processes involved in writing literature reviews, such as literature collection, organization, and summarization. However, it is yet unclear how good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xuemei Tang , Xufeng Duan , Zhenguang G. Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a major step toward artificial general intelligence, significantly advancing our ability to interact with technology. While LLMs perform well on Natural Language Processing tasks -- such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Brandon Smith , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Phillip Dawson , Sunil Aryal

Large language model (LLM)-driven multi-agent systems (MAS) are transforming how humans and AIs collaboratively generate ideas and artifacts. While existing surveys provide comprehensive overviews of MAS infrastructures, they largely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yi-Cheng Lin , Kang-Chieh Chen , Zhe-Yan Li , Tzu-Heng Wu , Tzu-Hsuan Wu , Kuan-Yu Chen , Hung-yi Lee , Yun-Nung Chen

Collecting diverse human opinions is costly and challenging. This leads to a recent trend in exploiting large language models (LLMs) for generating diverse data for potential scalable and efficient solutions. However, the extent to which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Minhwa Lee , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Dongyeop Kang

Evaluations of creative stories generated by large language models (LLMs) often focus on objective properties of the text, such as its style, coherence, and diversity. While these metrics are indispensable, they do not speak to a story's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Fabrice Harel-Canada , Hanyu Zhou , Sreya Muppalla , Zeynep Yildiz , Miryung Kim , Amit Sahai , Nanyun Peng

Large language models (LLMs) bring unprecedented flexibility in defining and executing complex, creative natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Yet, this flexibility brings new challenges, as it introduces new degrees of freedom in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Furkan Şahinuç , Ilia Kuznetsov , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate Counter Narrative (CN) generation using a Large Language Model (LLM) as an evaluator. We show that traditional automatic metrics correlate poorly with human judgements and fail to capture the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Irune Zubiaga , Aitor Soroa , Rodrigo Agerri

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in daily applications, from content generation to code writing, where each interaction treats the model as stateless, generating responses independently without memory. Yet human writing is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhanwei Cao , YeoJin Go , Yifan Hu , Shanu Sushmita