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The rapid rise of video content on platforms such as TikTok and YouTube has transformed information dissemination, but it has also facilitated the spread of harmful content, particularly hate videos. Despite significant efforts to combat…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yinghui Zhang , Tailin Chen , Yuchen Zhang , Zeyu Fu

The rise of short-form videos on platforms like TikTok has brought new challenges in safeguarding young viewers from inappropriate content. Traditional moderation methods often fall short in handling the vast and rapidly changing landscape…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Mazen Balat , Mahmoud Essam Gabr , Hend Bakr , Ahmed B. Zaky

The exponential growth of social media platforms has brought about a revolution in communication and content dissemination in human society. Nevertheless, these platforms are being increasingly misused to spread toxic content, including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Wenxuan Wang , Jingyuan Huang , Jen-tse Huang , Chang Chen , Jiazhen Gu , Pinjia He , Michael R. Lyu

Polarization, declining trust, and wavering support for democratic norms are pressing threats to U.S. democracy. Exposure to verified and quality news may lower individual susceptibility to these threats and make citizens more resilient to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hadi Askari , Anshuman Chhabra , Bernhard Clemm von Hohenberg , Michael Heseltine , Magdalena Wojcieszak

Automated soft moderation systems are unable to ascertain if a post supports or refutes a false claim, resulting in a large number of contextual false positives. This limits their effectiveness, for example undermining trust in health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Pujan Paudel , Mohammad Hammas Saeed , Rebecca Auger , Chris Wells , Gianluca Stringhini

Accurately estimating how users respond to moderation interventions is paramount for developing effective and user-centred moderation strategies. However, this requires a clear understanding of which user characteristics are associated with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Benedetta Tessa , Alejandro Moreo , Stefano Cresci , Tiziano Fagni , Fabrizio Sebastiani

The detection of hate speech or toxic content online is a complex and sensitive issue. While the identification itself is highly dependent on the context of the situation, sensitive personal attributes such as age, language, and nationality…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jan Fillies , Theodoros Mitsikas , Ralph Schäfermeier , Adrian Paschke

Expressions of dissent against authority are an important feature of most societies, and efforts to suppress such expressions are common. Modern digital communications, social media, and Internet surveillance and censorship technologies are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-05 Joshua J. Daymude , Robert Axelrod , Stephanie Forrest

Machine generated text is increasingly difficult to distinguish from human authored text. Powerful open-source models are freely available, and user-friendly tools that democratize access to generative models are proliferating. ChatGPT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Evan Crothers , Nathalie Japkowicz , Herna Viktor

Peer review is crucial for advancing and improving science through constructive criticism. However, toxic feedback can discourage authors and hinder scientific progress. This work explores an important but underexplored area: detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Man Luo , Bradley Peterson , Rafael Gan , Hari Ramalingame , Navya Gangrade , Ariadne Dimarogona , Imon Banerjee , Phillip Howard

This study investigates ChatGPT-4o's multimodal content generation, highlighting significant disparities in its treatment of sexual content and nudity versus violent and drug-related themes. Detailed analysis reveals that ChatGPT-4o…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Roberto Balestri

The widespread dissemination of toxic online posts is increasingly damaging to society. However, research on detecting toxic language in Chinese has lagged significantly. Existing datasets lack fine-grained annotation of toxic types and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Changrong Min , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Text detoxification is a conditional text generation task aiming to remove offensive content from toxic text. It is highly useful for online forums and social media, where offensive content is frequently encountered. Intuitively, there are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Griffin Floto , Mohammad Mahdi Abdollah Pour , Parsa Farinneya , Zhenwei Tang , Ali Pesaranghader , Manasa Bharadwaj , Scott Sanner

In the current context where online platforms have been effectively weaponized in a variety of geo-political events and social issues, Internet memes make fair content moderation at scale even more difficult. Existing work on meme…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Abhinav Kumar Thakur , Filip Ilievski , Hông-Ân Sandlin , Zhivar Sourati , Luca Luceri , Riccardo Tommasini , Alain Mermoud

Memes, as a widely used mode of online communication, often serve as vehicles for spreading harmful content. However, limitations in data accessibility and the high costs of dataset curation hinder the development of robust meme moderation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Subhankar Swain , Naquee Rizwan , Vishwa Gangadhar S , Nayandeep Deb , Animesh Mukherjee

Despite the common use of rule-based tools for online content moderation, human moderators still spend a lot of time monitoring them to ensure that they work as intended. Based on surveys and interviews with Reddit moderators who use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jean Y. Song , Sangwook Lee , Jisoo Lee , Mina Kim , Juho Kim

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

The rise of decentralized social networks (DSNs), and in particular the rapid uptake of the Fediverse (e.g., Pleroma, Mastodon, Lemygrad), introduces new challenges in content moderation. Independent instances host their own data, follow…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Pantelitsa Leonidou , Nikos Salamanos , Sotiris Gypsiotis , Michael Sirivianos

Disabled people on social media often experience ableist hate and microaggressions. Prior work has shown that platform moderation often fails to remove ableist hate leaving disabled users exposed to harmful content. This paper examines how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Sharon Heung , Lucy Jiang , Shiri Azenkot , Aditya Vashistha

Moderation of user-generated content in an online community is a challenge that has great socio-economical ramifications. However, the costs incurred by delegating this work to human agents are high. For this reason, an automatic system…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Etienne Papegnies , Vincent Labatut , Richard Dufour , Georges Linares