English
Related papers

Related papers: Generating executable oracles to check conformance…

200 papers

Due to the cumbersome nature of human evaluation and limitations of code-based evaluation, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to assist humans in evaluating LLM outputs. Yet LLM-generated evaluators simply inherit all…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Shreya Shankar , J. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira , Björn Hartmann , Aditya G. Parameswaran , Ian Arawjo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in Verilog generation from natural language description. However, ensuring the functional correctness of the generated code remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Machine Learning (ML) has become an integral part of our society, commonly used in critical domains such as finance, healthcare, and transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate not only whether ML models make correct predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Steven Cho , Seaton Cousins-Baxter , Stefano Ruberto , Valerio Terragni

A test oracle determines whether a system behaves correctly for a given input. Automatic testing techniques rely on an automated test oracle to test the system without user interaction. Important families of automated test oracles include…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Manuel Rigger , Zhendong Su

Manual development of automatic tests for embedded C software is a strenuous and time-consuming task that does not scale well. With the accelerating pace of software release cycles, verification increasingly becomes the bottleneck in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Maximilian Harnot , Sebastian Komarnicki , Michal Polok , Timo Oksanen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automating significant aspects of coding by producing natural code from informal natural language (NL) intent. However, when interacting with LLMs, users have no guarantees that the…

Large Language Models are increasingly used in software engineering, but both code generation and its evaluation remain predominantly English-centric. This leaves a major gap in our understanding of how well current tools support…

LLMs trained in the understanding of programming syntax are now providing effective assistance to developers and are being used in programming education such as in generation of coding problem examples or providing code explanations. A key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yanggyu Lee , Suchae Jeong , Jihie Kim

Machine learning methods can automate the in silico design of biological sequences, aiming to reduce costs and accelerate medical research. Given the limited access to wet labs, in silico design methods commonly use an oracle model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shikha Surana , Nathan Grinsztajn , Timothy Atkinson , Paul Duckworth , Thomas D. Barrett

Loop invariants are fundamental to reasoning about programs with loops. They establish properties about a given loop's behavior. When they additionally are inductive, they become useful for the task of formal verification that seeks to…

The ability to execute the test suite of a project is essential in many scenarios, e.g., to assess code quality and code coverage, to validate code changes made by developers or automated tools, and to ensure compatibility with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

Automated web application testing is a critical component of modern software development, with frameworks like Selenium widely adopted for validating functionality through browser automation. Among the essential aspects of such testing is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Nguyen-Khang Le , Hiep Nguyen , Ngoc-Minh Nguyen , Son T. Luu , Trung Vo , Quan Minh Bui , Shoshin Nomura , Le-Minh Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing competence in solving mathematical reasoning problems. However, many open-source LLMs still struggle with errors in calculation and semantic understanding during intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vernon Y. H. Toh , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

Numerous approaches employing various strategies have been developed to test the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of mobile apps. However, traditional GUI testing techniques, such as random and model-based testing, primarily focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Bangyan Ju , Jin Yang , Tingting Yu , Tamerlan Abdullayev , Yuanyuan Wu , Dingbang Wang , Yu Zhao

Program synthesis has been long studied with recent approaches focused on directly using the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code. Programming benchmarks, with curated synthesis problems and test-cases, are used to measure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiawei Liu , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuyao Wang , Lingming Zhang

Visual language model (VLM) agents show great promise in automating end-to-end (E2E) web testing against requirements in natural language. However, the probabilistic nature of language models can have inherent hallucinations. Therefore,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Xiwen Teoh , Yun Lin , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Ruofei Ren , Wenjie Zhang , Jin Song Dong

In industrial control systems, the generation and verification of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) code are critical for ensuring operational efficiency and safety. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have made strides in automated code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zihan Liu , Ruinan Zeng , Dongxia Wang , Gengyun Peng , Jingyi Wang , Qiang Liu , Peiyu Liu , Wenhai Wang

Unit testing is essential for software reliability, yet manual test creation is time-consuming and often neglected. Search-based software testing improves efficiency but produces tests with poor readability and maintainability, while LLMs…

Testing plays a crucial role in the software development cycle, enabling the detection of bugs, vulnerabilities, and other undesirable behaviors. To perform software testing, testers need to write code snippets that execute the program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wenhan Wang , Chenyuan Yang , Zhijie Wang , Yuheng Huang , Zhaoyang Chu , Da Song , Lingming Zhang , An Ran Chen , Lei Ma

The security of computer systems typically relies on a hardware root of trust. As vulnerabilities in hardware can have severe implications on a system, there is a need for techniques to support security verification activities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Rahul Kande , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Shailja Thakur , Ramesh Karri , Jeyavijayan Rajendran