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Long-context inference in LLMs faces the dual challenges of quadratic attention complexity and prohibitive KV cache memory. While token-level sparse attention offers superior accuracy, its indexing overhead is costly; block-level methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference services, it is challenging to make a parallelism strategy configuration, to efficiently process the requests of variance context lengths. Requests of long context require high degree of parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Haoyu Chen , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Yu Guan , Jin Zhao , Xin Wang

The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter severe memory inefficiencies during long-context inference due to conventional handling of key-value (KV) caches. In this work, we introduce a novel integration of PagedAttention with PyTorch's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Thomas Joshi , Herman Saini , Neil Dhillon , Antoni Viros i Martin , Kaoutar El Maghraoui

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ilias Bournias , Lukas Cavigelli , Georgios Zacharopoulos

Context retrieval systems for LLM inference face a critical challenge: high retrieval latency creates a fundamental tension between waiting for complete context (poor time-to-first-token) and proceeding without it (reduced quality).…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rajveer Bachkaniwala , Chengqi Luo , Richard So , Divya Mahajan , Kexin Rong

We present an approximate attention mechanism named HyperAttention to address the computational challenges posed by the growing complexity of long contexts used in Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent work suggests that in the worst-case…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Insu Han , Rajesh Jayaram , Amin Karbasi , Vahab Mirrokni , David P. Woodruff , Amir Zandieh

Processing long-context inputs with large language models presents a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache during inference. Existing KV cache compression methods exhibit noticeable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dongquan Yang , Yifan Yang , Xiaotian Yu , Xianbiao Qi , Rong Xiao

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to process and generate coherent text is markedly weakened when the number of input tokens exceeds their pretraining length. Given the expensive overhead of finetuning large-scale models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chenxin An , Fei Huang , Jun Zhang , Shansan Gong , Xipeng Qiu , Chang Zhou , Lingpeng Kong

Large language models have achieved notable success across various domains, yet efficient inference is still limited by the quadratic computation complexity of the attention mechanism. The inference consists of prefilling and decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junlin Lv , Yuan Feng , Xike Xie , Xin Jia , Qirong Peng , Guiming Xie

We introduce Long-VITA, a simple yet effective large multi-modal model for long-context visual-language understanding tasks. It is adept at concurrently processing and analyzing modalities of image, video, and text over 4K frames or 1M…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yunhang Shen , Chaoyou Fu , Shaoqi Dong , Xiong Wang , Yi-Fan Zhang , Peixian Chen , Mengdan Zhang , Haoyu Cao , Ke Li , Shaohui Lin , Xiawu Zheng , Yan Zhang , Yiyi Zhou , Ran He , Caifeng Shan , Rongrong Ji , Xing Sun

When applied to processing long text, Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited by their context window. Existing efforts to address this limitation involve training specialized architectures, and cannot be easily applied to off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Nir Ratner , Yoav Levine , Yonatan Belinkov , Ori Ram , Inbal Magar , Omri Abend , Ehud Karpas , Amnon Shashua , Kevin Leyton-Brown , Yoav Shoham

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in understanding language and executing complex reasoning tasks. However, LLMs with long context windows have been notorious for their expensive training costs and high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Jun Zhao , Can Zu , Hao Xu , Yi Lu , Wei He , Yiwen Ding , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The integration of long-context capabilities with visual understanding unlocks unprecedented potential for Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, the quadratic attention complexity during the pre-filling phase remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yucheng Li , Huiqiang Jiang , Chengruidong Zhang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Surin Ahn , Amir H. Abdi , Dongsheng Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

We study the continual pretraining recipe for scaling language models' context lengths to 128K, with a focus on data engineering. We hypothesize that long context modeling, in particular \textit{the ability to utilize information at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yao Fu , Rameswar Panda , Xinyao Niu , Xiang Yue , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yoon Kim , Hao Peng

Selective state space models (SSMs) have rapidly become a compelling backbone for large language models, especially for long-context workloads. Yet in deployment, their inference performance is often bounded by the memory capacity,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anurag Dutt , Nimit Shah , Hazem Masarani , Anshul Gandhi

Serverless computing has emerged as a compelling solution for cloud-based model inference. However, as modern large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, existing serverless platforms often face substantial model startup…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Minchen Yu , Rui Yang , Chaobo Jia , Zhaoyuan Su , Sheng Yao , Tingfeng Lan , Yuchen Yang , Zirui Wang , Yue Cheng , Wei Wang , Ao Wang , Ruichuan Chen

Long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant memory bottlenecks during inference due to the linear growth of key-value (KV) cache with sequence length. While individual optimization techniques like KV cache quantization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sai Gokhale , Devleena Das , Rajeev Patwari , Ashish Sirasao , Elliott Delaye