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In-context learning (ICL) allows some autoregressive models to solve tasks via next-token prediction and without needing further training. This has led to claims about these model's ability to solve (learn) unseen tasks with only a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Adrian de Wynter

Compositional generalization, the ability of an agent to generalize to unseen combinations of latent factors, is easy for humans but hard for deep neural networks. A line of research in cognitive science has hypothesized a process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yi Ren , Samuel Lavoie , Mikhail Galkin , Danica J. Sutherland , Aaron Courville

We introduce iterative retrieval, a novel framework that empowers retrievers to make iterative decisions through policy optimization. Finding an optimal portfolio of retrieved items is a combinatorial optimization problem, generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Patrick Xia , Richard Shin , Jason Eisner , Benjamin Van Durme

A major open problem on the road to artificial intelligence is the development of incrementally learning systems that learn about more and more concepts over time from a stream of data. In this work, we introduce a new training strategy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Alexander Kolesnikov , Georg Sperl , Christoph H. Lampert

In this paper, we learn to classify visual object instances, incrementally and via self-supervision (self-incremental). Our learner observes a single instance at a time, which is then discarded from the dataset. Incremental instance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Mert Kilickaya , Joaquin Vanschoren

In-Context Learning (ICL) has become a powerful paradigm that enables LLMs to perform a wide range of tasks without task-specific fine-tuning. However, the effectiveness of ICL heavily depends on the quality of exemplar selection. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jiaqian Li , Qisheng Hu , Jing Li , Wenya Wang

Diffusion models continuously push the boundary of state-of-the-art image generation, but the process is hard to control with any nuance: practice proves that textual prompts are inadequate for accurately describing image style or fine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ciara Rowles , Shimon Vainer , Dante De Nigris , Slava Elizarov , Konstantin Kutsy , Simon Donné

While many FSCIL studies have been undertaken, achieving satisfactory performance, especially during incremental sessions, has remained challenging. One prominent challenge is that the encoder, trained with an ample base session training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 In-Ug Yoon , Tae-Min Choi , Sun-Kyung Lee , Young-Min Kim , Jong-Hwan Kim

Despite the recent advances in the field of object detection, common architectures are still ill-suited to incrementally detect new categories over time. They are vulnerable to catastrophic forgetting: they forget what has been already…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Fabio Cermelli , Antonino Geraci , Dario Fontanel , Barbara Caputo

To solve a new task from minimal experience, it is essential to effectively reuse knowledge from previous tasks, a problem known as meta-learning. Compositional solutions, where common elements of computation are flexibly recombined into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jacob J. W. Bakermans , Pablo Tano , Reidar Riveland , Charles Findling , Alexandre Pouget

Despite their impressive realism, modern text-to-image models still struggle with compositionality, often failing to render accurate object counts, attributes, and spatial relations. To address this challenge, we present a training-free…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Minsuk Ji , Sanghyeok Lee , Namhyuk Ahn

Existing continual learning (CL) methods mainly rely on fine-tuning or adapting large language models (LLMs). They still suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF). Little work has been done to exploit in-context learning (ICL) to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

Deep learning research over the past years has shown that by increasing the scope or difficulty of the learning problem over time, increasingly complex learning problems can be addressed. We study incremental learning in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Edwin D. de Jong

Despite significant advancements in text-to-image models for generating high-quality images, these methods still struggle to ensure the controllability of text prompts over images in the context of complex text prompts, especially when it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhenyu Wang , Enze Xie , Aoxue Li , Zhongdao Wang , Xihui Liu , Zhenguo Li

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has demonstrated great zero-shot performance for matching images and text. However, it is still challenging to adapt vision-lanaguage pretrained models like CLIP to compositional image and text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Kenan Jiang , Xuehai He , Ruize Xu , Xin Eric Wang

Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning (FSCIL) faces dual challenges of data scarcity and incremental learning in real-world scenarios. While pool-based prompting methods have demonstrated success in traditional incremental learning, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yongwei Jiang , Yixiong Zou , Yuhua Li , Ruixuan Li

Incremental learning (IL) aims to overcome catastrophic forgetting of previous tasks while learning new ones. Existing IL methods make strong assumptions that the incoming task type will either only increases new classes or domains (i.e.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sheng Luo , Yi Zhou , Tao Zhou

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces a fundamental challenge of extrapolation errors caused by out-of-distribution (OOD) actions. Implicit Q-Learning (IQL) employs expectile regression to achieve in-sample learning. Nevertheless, IQL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinchen Han , Hossam Afifi , Michel Marot

Assembly state recognition facilitates the execution of assembly procedures, offering feedback to enhance efficiency and minimize errors. However, recognizing assembly states poses challenges in scalability, since parts are frequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tim J. Schoonbeek , Goutham Balachandran , Hans Onvlee , Tim Houben , Shao-Hsuan Hung , Jacek Kustra , Peter H. N. de With , Fons van der Sommen

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) or continual learning is a desired capability in the real world, which requires a learning system to adapt to new tasks without forgetting former ones. While traditional CIL methods focus on visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Da-Wei Zhou , Yuanhan Zhang , Yan Wang , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Ziwei Liu