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The multilevel model (MLM) is the popular approach to describe dependences of hierarchically clustered observations. A main feature is the capability to estimate (cluster-specific) random effect parameters, while their distribution…

Understanding interaction effects among variables is important for regression modeling in various applications. The conventional approach of quantifying interactions as the product of variables often lacks clear interpretability, especially…

We develop a new approach for estimating average treatment effects in observational studies with unobserved group-level heterogeneity. We consider a general model with group-level unconfoundedness and provide conditions under which…

Linear Mixed Model (LMM) is a common statistical approach to model the relation between exposure and outcome while capturing individual variability through random effects. However, this model assumes the homogeneity of the error term's…

Uncovering causal effects in multiple treatment setting at various levels of granularity provides substantial value to decision makers. Comprehensive machine learning approaches to causal effect estimation allow to use a single causal…

There remains an open question about the usefulness and the interpretation of Machine learning (MLE) approaches for discrimination of spatial patterns of brain images between samples or activation states. In the last few decades, these…

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are widely used in research for their ability to model correlated outcomes with non-Gaussian conditional distributions. The proper selection of fixed and random effects is a critical part of the…

Prediction and causal explanation are fundamentally distinct tasks of data analysis. In health applications, this difference can be understood in terms of the difference between prognosis (prediction) and prevention/treatment (causal…

In this manuscript, we investigate the concept of the mean response for a treatment group mean as well as its estimation and prediction for generalized linear models with a subject-wise random effect. Generalized linear models are commonly…

Cluster-randomized experiments are widely used due to their logistical convenience and policy relevance. To analyze them properly, we must address the fact that the treatment is assigned at the cluster level instead of the individual level.…

Evaluating heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) across subgroups is common in both randomized trials and observational studies. Although several statistical challenges of HTE analyses including low statistical power and multiple…

We revisit the classical causal inference problem of estimating the average treatment effect in the presence of fully observed confounding variables using two-stage semiparametric methods. In existing theoretical studies of methods such as…

Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects…

We consider the problem of learning predictive models from longitudinal data, consisting of irregularly repeated, sparse observations from a set of individuals over time. Such data often exhibit {\em longitudinal correlation} (LC)…

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning framework facilitating collaborative training across distributed clients. However, its performance is often compromised by data heterogeneity among participants, which can…

We study targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) of the average treatment effect in a semiparametric regression model whose mean function is indexed by a finite-dimensional parameter, while the additive error distribution is left…

This article investigates the model-robustness of fixed-effects models for analyzing a broad class of longitudinal cluster trials (CTs) such as stepped-wedge, parallel-with-baseline and crossover designs, encompassing both randomized (CRTs)…

Traditional deep learning (DL) models have two ubiquitous limitations. First, they assume training samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d), an assumption often violated in real-world datasets where samples have…

Power law scaling models have been used to understand the complexity of systems as diverse as cities, neurological activity, and rainfall and lightning. In the scaling framework, power laws and standard linear regression methods are widely…

In medical, social, and behavioral research we often encounter datasets with a multilevel structure and multiple correlated dependent variables. These data are frequently collected from a study population that distinguishes several…