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Diffusion models are powerful generative models that map noise to data using stochastic processes. However, for many applications such as image editing, the model input comes from a distribution that is not random noise. As such, diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Samar Khanna , Stefano Ermon

Score-based model research in the last few years has produced state of the art generative models by employing Gaussian denoising score-matching (DSM). However, the Gaussian noise assumption has several high-dimensional limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Jacob Deasy , Nikola Simidjievski , Pietro Liò

Unlike discriminative approaches in autonomous driving that predict a fixed set of candidate trajectories of the ego vehicle, generative methods, such as diffusion models, learn the underlying distribution of future motion, enabling more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Liuhan Yin , Runkun Ju , Guodong Guo , Erkang Cheng

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant framework for generative modeling, but their mathematical foundations are often presented separately through diffusion probabilistic models, score-based modeling, stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Fu , Yuxia Wang

In information retrieval (IR), learning-to-rank (LTR) methods have traditionally limited themselves to discriminative machine learning approaches that model the probability of the document being relevant to the query given some feature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sajad Ebrahimi , Bhaskar Mitra , Negar Arabzadeh , Ye Yuan , Haolun Wu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ebrahim Bagheri

This paper studies the original discrete-time denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) from a probabilistic point of view. We present three main theoretical results. First, we show that the time-dependent score function associated…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Yumiharu Nakano

Diffusion models have quickly become some of the most popular and powerful generative models for high-dimensional data. The key insight that enabled their development was the realization that access to the score -- the gradient of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Mateo Díaz , Sam Buchanan , Jeremias Sulam

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Score matching enables the estimation of the gradient of a data distribution, a key component in denoising diffusion models used to recover clean data from corrupted inputs. In prior work, a heuristic weighting function has been used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Juyan Zhang , Rhys Newbury , Xinyang Zhang , Tin Tran , Dana Kulic , Michael Burke

Many self-supervised denoising approaches have been proposed in recent years. However, these methods tend to overly smooth images, resulting in the loss of fine structures that are essential for medical applications. In this paper, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Basar Demir , Yikang Liu , Xiao Chen , Eric Z. Chen , Lin Zhao , Boris Mailhe , Terrence Chen , Shanhui Sun

Probabilistic generative models based on measure transport, such as diffusion and flow-based models, are often formulated in the language of Markovian stochastic dynamics, where the choice of the underlying process impacts both algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yinuo Ren , Grant M. Rotskoff , Lexing Ying

While foundation models demonstrate impressive performance across various tasks, they remain vulnerable to adversarial inputs. Current research explores various approaches to enhance model robustness, with Diffusion Denoised Smoothing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yury Belousov , Brian Pulfer , Vitaliy Kinakh , Slava Voloshynovskiy

In recent years, denoising diffusion models have become a crucial area of research due to their abundance in the rapidly expanding field of generative AI. While recent statistical advances have delivered explanations for the generation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Asbjørn Holk , Claudia Strauch , Lukas Trottner

We theoretically investigate the phenomena of generalization and memorization in diffusion models. Empirical studies suggest that these phenomena are influenced by model complexity and the size of the training dataset. In our experiments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Anand Jerry George , Rodrigo Veiga , Nicolas Macris

Denoising diffusion models have recently shown impressive results in generative tasks. By learning powerful priors from huge collections of training images, such models are able to gradually modify complete noise to a clean natural image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Naama Pearl , Yaron Brodsky , Dana Berman , Assaf Zomet , Alex Rav Acha , Daniel Cohen-Or , Dani Lischinski

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models for image inpainting aim to add the noise to the texture of image during the forward process and recover masked regions with unmasked ones of the texture via the reverse denoising process. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Haipeng Liu , Yang Wang , Biao Qian , Meng Wang , Yong Rui

Diffusion models are well known for their ability to generate a high-fidelity image for an input prompt through an iterative denoising process. Unfortunately, the high fidelity also comes at a high computational cost due the inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Qinchan Li , Kenneth Chen , Changyue Su , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Qi Sun , Patsorn Sangkloy

Denoising is intuitively related to projection. Indeed, under the manifold hypothesis, adding random noise is approximately equivalent to orthogonal perturbation. Hence, learning to denoise is approximately learning to project. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Permenter , Chenyang Yuan

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved remarkable success in various domains. It trains a shared model on denoising tasks that encompass different noise levels simultaneously, representing a form of multi-task learning (MTL).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Hyojun Go , JinYoung Kim , Yunsung Lee , Seunghyun Lee , Shinhyeok Oh , Hyeongdon Moon , Seungtaek Choi

A wide variety of deep generative models has been developed in the past decade. Yet, these models often struggle with simultaneously addressing three key requirements including: high sample quality, mode coverage, and fast sampling. We call…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Zhisheng Xiao , Karsten Kreis , Arash Vahdat