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Reinforcement Learning (RL) applied to financial problems has been the subject of a lively area of research. The use of RL for optimal trading strategies that exploit latent information in the market is, to the best of our knowledge, not…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-04 Andrea Macrì , Sebastian Jaimungal , Fabrizio Lillo

Dynamic hedging is the practice of periodically transacting financial instruments to offset the risk caused by an investment or a liability. Dynamic hedging optimization can be framed as a sequential decision problem; thus, Reinforcement…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-26 Andrei Neagu , Frédéric Godin , Clarence Simard , Leila Kosseim

Data processing and analytics are fundamental and pervasive. Algorithms play a vital role in data processing and analytics where many algorithm designs have incorporated heuristics and general rules from human knowledge and experience to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Qingpeng Cai , Can Cui , Yiyuan Xiong , Wei Wang , Zhongle Xie , Meihui Zhang

Stock trading strategies play a critical role in investment. However, it is challenging to design a profitable strategy in a complex and dynamic stock market. In this paper, we propose an ensemble strategy that employs deep reinforcement…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-18 Hongyang Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu , Shan Zhong , Anwar Walid

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), a subset of machine learning focused on sequential decision-making, has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling financial trading problems. In finance, DRL is commonly used either to generate discrete…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Trang Thoi , Hung Tran , Tram Thoi , Huaiyang Zhong

The framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a powerful and widely applicable mathematical formalization for sequential decision-making. This paper present a novel DRL framework, termed \emph{$f$-Divergence Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Chen Gong , Qiang He , Yunpeng Bai , Zhou Yang , Xiaoyu Chen , Xinwen Hou , Xianjie Zhang , Yu Liu , Guoliang Fan

Designing profitable and reliable trading strategies is challenging in the highly volatile cryptocurrency market. Existing works applied deep reinforcement learning methods and optimistically reported increased profits in backtesting, which…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-02-01 Berend Jelmer Dirk Gort , Xiao-Yang Liu , Xinghang Sun , Jiechao Gao , Shuaiyu Chen , Christina Dan Wang

We study the dynamic pricing and replenishment problems under inconsistent decision frequencies. Different from the traditional demand assumption, the discreteness of demand and the parameter within the Poisson distribution as a function of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yi Zheng , Zehao Li , Peng Jiang , Yijie Peng

Financial trading aims to build profitable strategies to make wise investment decisions in the financial market. It has attracted interests in the machine learning community for a long time. This paper proposes to trade financial assets…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-14 Lin Li

Financial portfolio management investment policies computed quantitatively by modern portfolio theory techniques like the Markowitz model rely on a set on assumptions that are not supported by data in high volatility markets. Hence,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Alejandra de la Rica Escudero , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchan , Maria Coronado-Vaca

In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL) has been successfully implemented as a smart agent in many systems such as complex games, self-driving cars, and chat-bots. One of the interesting use cases of Deep RL is its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Foozhan Ataiefard , Hadi Hemmati

Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) has been explored for a number of applications in finance and stock trading. In this paper, we present a practical implementation of Deep RL for trading natural gas futures contracts. The Sharpe Ratio…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-12 Yuanrong Wang , Yinsen Miao , Alexander CY Wong , Nikita P Granger , Christian Michler

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is commonly used in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback to align large language models (LLMs) with downstream tasks. This paper investigates the feasibility of using PPO for direct reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Alexander G. Padula , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) has been deemed as a promising solution for intelligent decision-making in the era of Artificial Internet of Things. However, existing FRL approaches often entail repeated interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Sheng Yue , Zerui Qin , Xingyuan Hua , Yongheng Deng , Ju Ren

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving decision-making problems in dynamic environments. In this research, we explore the application of Double DQN (DDQN) and Dueling Network Architectures, to financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Bruno Giorgio

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

Portfolio optimization requires dynamic allocation of funds by balancing the risk and return tradeoff under dynamic market conditions. With the recent advancements in AI, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has gained prominence in providing…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-08 Arishi Orra , Aryan Bhambu , Himanshu Choudhary , Manoj Thakur , Selvaraju Natarajan

Optimal execution is a sequential decision-making problem for cost-saving in algorithmic trading. Studies have found that reinforcement learning (RL) can help decide the order-splitting sizes. However, a problem remains unsolved: how to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-07-25 Feiyang Pan , Tongzhe Zhang , Ling Luo , Jia He , Shuoling Liu

We employ deep reinforcement learning (RL) to train an agent to successfully translate a high-frequency trading signal into a trading strategy that places individual limit orders. Based on the ABIDES limit order book simulator, we build a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-27 Peer Nagy , Jan-Peter Calliess , Stefan Zohren

Deep Research agents tackle knowledge-intensive tasks through multi-round retrieval and decision-oriented generation. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown to improve performance in this paradigm, its contributions remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yinuo Xu , Shuo Lu , Jianjie Cheng , Meng Wang , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang , Ran He , Jian Liang