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We propose two schemes to obtain Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) error syndromes by means of linear optical operations, homodyne measurements and GKP ancillae. This includes showing that for a concatenation of GKP codes with a $[n,k,d]$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Frank Schmidt , Peter van Loock

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code, being information theoretically near optimal for quantum communication over Gaussian thermal-loss optical channels, is likely to be the encoding of choice for advanced quantum networks of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Mohadeseh Azari , Paul Polakos , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code offers the possibility to encode higher-dimensional qudits into individual bosonic modes with, for instance, photonic excitations. Since photons enable the reliable transmission of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Frank Schmidt , Daniel Miller , Peter van Loock

To implement fault-tolerant quantum computation with continuous variables, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit has been recognized as an important technological element. However,it is still challenging to experimentally generate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 Kosuke Fukui , Akihisa Tomita , Atsushi Okamoto , Keisuke Fujii

Large-amplitude squeezed cat and high-quality Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are powerful resources for quantum error correction. However, previous schemes in optics are limited to low success probabilities, small amplitudes, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 Matthew S. Winnel , Joshua J. Guanzon , Deepesh Singh , Timothy C. Ralph

Gaussian loss channels are of particular importance since they model realistic optical communication channels. Except for special cases, quantum capacity of Gaussian loss channels is not yet known completely. In this paper, we provide…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Kyungjoo Noh , Victor V. Albert , Liang Jiang

The GKP encoding is a top contender among bosonic codes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Analysis of the GKP code is complicated by the fact that finite-energy code states leak out of the ideal GKP code space and are not orthogonal.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Jonathan Conrad , Rafael N. Alexander , Ben Q. Baragiola

Quantum error correction codes protect information from realistic noisy channels and lie at the heart of quantum computation and communication tasks. Understanding the optimal performance and other information-theoretic properties, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Guo Zheng , Wenhao He , Gideon Lee , Kyungjoo Noh , Liang Jiang

Physical Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are inherently noisy as ideal ones would require infinite energy. While this is typically considered as a deficiency to be actively corrected, this work demonstrates that imperfect GKP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Fariba Hosseinynejad , Pavithran Iyer , Guillaume Dauphinais , David L. Feder

Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill have proposed a scheme to encode a qubit in a harmonic oscillator, which is called the GKP code. It is designed to be resistant to small shift errors contained in momentum and position quadratures. Thus…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-02 Yang Wang

Quantum repeaters that incorporate quantum error correction codes have been shown to be a promising alternative compared with the original quantum repeaters that rely upon probabilistic quantum error detection depending on classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Stefan Häussler , Peter van Loock

To be useful, quantum computers will be required to successfully correct errors occurring at the hardware level. Bosonic codes provide a hardware-efficient option for error correction, but fault-tolerance further requires that the available…

Graph states are a central resource in measurement-based quantum information processing. In the photonic qubit architecture based on Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) encoding, the generation of high-fidelity graph states composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Prajit Dhara , Ashlesha Patil , Liang Jiang , Saikat Guha

Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states are a central resource for fault-tolerant optical continuous-variable quantum computing and communication. However, their realization in the optical domain remains to be demonstrated. Here we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jacob Hastrup , Ulrik L. Andersen

The performance of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes, an approach to hardware-efficient quantum error correction, is limited by the finite squeezing capabilities of current experimental platforms. To circumvent this hardware demand, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Gui-Zhong Luo , Matthew Otten

Classically simulating circuits with bosonic codes is challenging due to the prohibitive cost of simulating quantum systems with many, possibly infinite, energy levels. We propose an algorithm to simulate circuits with encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Cameron Calcluth , Oliver Hahn , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Alessandro Ferraro , Giulia Ferrini

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code is a promising bosonic candidate for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among existing error-correction protocols for GKP code, the Steane-type scheme is a canonical and widely adopted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Xiang-Jiang Chen , Hao-Miao Jiang , Liu-Jun Wang , Qing Chen

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes are known to achieve optimal rates under displacement noise and pure loss channels, which establishes theoretical foundations for its optimality. However, such optimal rates are only known to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mahadevan Subramanian , Guo Zheng , Liang Jiang

The Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code encodes a logical qubit into a bosonic system with resilience against single-photon loss, the predominant error in most bosonic systems. Here we present experimental results demonstrating quantum…

With the significance of continuous-variable quantum computing increasing thanks to the achievements of light-based quantum hardware, making it available to learner audiences outside physics has been an important yet seldom-tackled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Richard A. Wolf , Pavithran Iyer