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Synthetically-generated data plays an increasingly larger role in training large language models. However, while synthetic data has been found to be useful, studies have also shown that without proper curation it can cause LLM performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kareem Amin , Sara Babakniya , Alex Bie , Weiwei Kong , Umar Syed , Sergei Vassilvitskii

Diffusion transformers (DiT) have already achieved appealing synthesis and scaling properties in content recreation, e.g., image and video generation. However, scaling laws of DiT are less explored, which usually offer precise predictions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zhengyang Liang , Hao He , Ceyuan Yang , Bo Dai

For regression tasks one often leverages large datasets for training predictive machine learning models. However, using large datasets may not be feasible due to computational limitations or high data labelling costs. Therefore, suitably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Paolo Climaco , Jochen Garcke

Despite many proposed algorithms to provide robustness to deep learning (DL) models, DL models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. We hypothesize that the adversarial vulnerability of DL models stems from two factors. The first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Mahsa Paknezhad , Cuong Phuc Ngo , Amadeus Aristo Winarto , Alistair Cheong , Chuen Yang Beh , Jiayang Wu , Hwee Kuan Lee

Decentralized training of deep learning models enables on-device learning over networks, as well as efficient scaling to large compute clusters. Experiments in earlier works reveal that, even in a data-center setup, decentralized training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Lingjing Kong , Tao Lin , Anastasia Koloskova , Martin Jaggi , Sebastian U. Stich

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to train a shared model collaboratively while preserving privacy. However, the scaling of real-world FL systems is often limited by two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xinyi Hu

We study how to allocate resources for training and deployment of machine learning (ML) models under concept drift and limited budgets. We consider a setting in which a model provider distributes trained models to multiple clients whose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hasan Burhan Beytur , Gustavo de Veciana , Haris Vikalo , Kevin S Chan

Scaling laws are useful guides for derisking expensive training runs, as they predict performance of large models using cheaper, small-scale experiments. However, there remain gaps between current scaling studies and how language models are…

Training large transformers is slow, but recent innovations on GPU architecture give us an advantage. NVIDIA Ampere GPUs can execute a fine-grained 2:4 sparse matrix multiplication twice as fast as its dense equivalent. In the light of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuezhou Hu , Kang Zhao , Weiyu Huang , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

The distributed training of foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), demands a high level of communication. Consequently, it is highly dependent on a centralized cluster with fast and reliable interconnects. Can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ji Qi , WenPeng Zhu , Li Li , Ming Wu , YingJun Wu , Wu He , Xun Gao , Jason Zeng , Michael Heinrich

Commonly used optimization algorithms often show a trade-off between good generalization and fast training times. For instance, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) tends to have good generalization; however, adaptive gradient methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Aditya Cowsik , Tankut Can , Paolo Glorioso

Recent deep learning models are difficult to train using a large batch size, because commodity machines may not have enough memory to accommodate both the model and a large data batch size. The batch size is one of the hyper-parameters used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 XinYu Piao , DoangJoo Synn , JooYoung Park , Jong-Kook Kim

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images thanks to their novel training procedures applied to unprecedented amounts of data. However, training a diffusion model from scratch is computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Michał Zając , Kamil Deja , Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak , Tomasz Trzciński , Florian Shkurti , Piotr Miłoś

Training large models requires a large amount of data, as well as abundant computation resources. While collaborative learning (e.g., federated learning) provides a promising paradigm to harness collective data from many participants,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jin Xie , Songze Li

Transformers lack an explicit architectural mechanism for storing and organizing knowledge acquired during training. We introduce learnable sparse memory banks: a set of latent tokens, randomly initialized and trained end-to-end, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tasmay Pankaj Tibrewal , Pritish Saha , Ankit Meda , Kunal Singh , Pradeep Moturi

Recent research has highlighted the importance of dataset size in scaling language models. However, large language models (LLMs) are notoriously token-hungry during pre-training, and high-quality text data on the web is approaching its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Fuzhao Xue , Yao Fu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Zangwei Zheng , Yang You

Recent advances in masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) narrow the quality gap to autoregressive LMs, but their sampling remains expensive because generation requires many full-sequence denoising passes with a large Transformer and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ivan Sedykh , Nikita Sorokin , Valentin Malykh

Deep learning (DL) research yields accuracy and product improvements from both model architecture changes and scale: larger data sets and models, and more computation. For hardware design, it is difficult to predict DL model changes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Joel Hestness , Newsha Ardalani , Greg Diamos

To train machine learning models that are robust to distribution shifts in the data, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) has been proven very effective. However, the existing approaches to learning a distributionally robust model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Farzin Haddadpour , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Mehrdad Mahdavi , Amin Karbasi

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while preserving data privacy. Ever-increasing model complexity coupled with limited memory resources on the participating devices severely bottlenecks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Chunlin Tian , Li Li , Kahou Tam , Yebo Wu , Chengzhong Xu