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Related papers: Low-degree approximation of QAC$^0$ circuits

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Motivated by the recent experimental demonstrations of quantum supremacy, proving the hardness of the output of random quantum circuits is an imperative near term goal. We prove under the complexity theoretical assumption of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-13 Yasuhiro Kondo , Ryuhei Mori , Ramis Movassagh

We give a Clifford+T representation of the Toffoli gate of T-depth 1, using four ancillas. More generally, we describe a class of circuits whose T-depth can be reduced to 1 by using sufficiently many ancillas. We show that the cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-04 Peter Selinger

Adaptive quantum circuits employ unitary gates assisted by mid-circuit measurement, classical computation on the measurement outcome, and the conditional application of future unitary gates based on the result of the classical computation.…

Understanding the capacity of quantum circuits through the lens of approximation theory is essential for evaluating the complexity of quantum circuits required to solve various problems in scientific computation. We design quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Junaid Aftab , Haizhao Yang

Matrix-product unitaries (MPUs) are many-body unitary operators that, as a consequence of their tensor-network structure, preserve the entanglement area law in 1D systems. However, it is unknown how to implement an MPU as a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Georgios Styliaris , Rahul Trivedi , J. Ignacio Cirac

Simulating quantum circuits (QC) on high-performance computing (HPC) systems has become an essential method to benchmark algorithms and probe the potential of large-scale quantum computation despite the limitations of current quantum…

The number of qubits of current quantum computers is one of the most dominating restrictions for applications. So it is naturally conceived to use two or more small capacity quantum computers to form a larger capacity quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Kan He , Shusen Liu , Jinchuan Hou

We study the fundamental design automation problem of equivalence checking in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) computing realm where quantum noise is present inevitably. The notion of approximate equivalence of (possibly noisy)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 Xin Hong , Mingsheng Ying , Yuan Feng , Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li

In this paper we consider a model of quantum computation based on n atoms of laser-cooled and trapped linearly in a cavity and realize it as the n atoms Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian interacting with n external (laser) fields. We solve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kazuyuki Fujii , Kyoko Higashida , Ryosuke Kato , Yukako Wada

Quantum Bit String Comparators (QBSC) operate on two sequences of n-qubits, enabling the determination of their relationships, such as equality, greater than, or less than. This is analogous to the way conditional statements are used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Khuram Shahzad , Omar Usman Khan

In a recent preprint by Deutsch et al. [1995] the authors suggest the possibility of polynomial approximability of arbitrary unitary operations on $n$ qubits by 2-qubit unitary operations. We address that comment by proving strong lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 E. Knill

Variational algorithm using Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) can solve the prime factorization problem in near-term noisy quantum computers. Conventional Variational Quantum Factoring (VQF) requires a large number of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ling Qiu , Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum-classical hybrid technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems in near-term gate-based noisy quantum devices. In QAOA, the objective is a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Consider a function f which is defined on the integers from 1 to N and takes the values -1 and +1. The parity of f is the product over all x from 1 to N of f(x). With no further information about f, to classically determine the parity of f…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 E. Farhi , J. Goldstone , S. Gutmann , M. Sipser

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

A (Quantum) Random Access Code ((Q)RAC) is a scheme that encodes $n$ bits into $m$ (qu)bits such that any of the $n$ bits can be recovered with a worst case probability $p>\frac{1}{2}$. Such a code is denoted by the triple $(n,m,p)$. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Ola Liabøtrø

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

Quantum computation offers the potential to solve fundamental yet otherwise intractable problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum-logic gate sets - the building blocks for a quantum computer - have…