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Curriculum learning, a training technique where data is presented to the model in order of example difficulty (e.g., from simpler to more complex documents), has shown limited success for pre-training language models. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Loris Schoenegger , Lukas Thoma , Terra Blevins , Benjamin Roth

Curriculum Learning (CL) aims to improve the outcome of model training by estimating the difficulty of samples and scheduling them accordingly. In NLP, difficulty is commonly approximated using task-agnostic linguistic heuristics or human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Vanessa Toborek , Sebastian Müller , Christian Bauckhage

When faced with learning challenging new tasks, humans often follow sequences of steps that allow them to incrementally build up the necessary skills for performing these new tasks. However, in machine learning, models are most often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Otilia Stretcu , Emmanouil Antonios Platanios , Tom M. Mitchell , Barnabás Póczos

Automatic Curriculum Learning (ACL) has become a cornerstone of recent successes in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL).These methods shape the learning trajectories of agents by challenging them with tasks adapted to their capacities. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Rémy Portelas , Cédric Colas , Lilian Weng , Katja Hofmann , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Curriculum learning (CL) - training using samples that are generated and presented in a meaningful order - was introduced in the machine learning context around a decade ago. While CL has been extensively used and analysed empirically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Elisabetta Cornacchia , Elchanan Mossel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various reasoning tasks, yet post-training is constrained by inefficient sample utilization and inflexible difficulty samples processing. To address these limitations,…

Curriculum learning strategies in prior multi-task learning approaches arrange datasets in a difficulty hierarchy either based on human perception or by exhaustively searching the optimal arrangement. However, human perception of difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Neeraj Varshney , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

Curriculum learning (CL) aims to improve training by presenting data from "easy" to "hard", yet defining and measuring linguistic difficulty remains an open challenge. We investigate whether human-curated simple language can serve as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Vanessa Toborek , Sebastian Müller , Tim Selbach , Tamás Horváth , Christian Bauckhage

Curriculum learning (CL) posits that machine learning models -- similar to humans -- may learn more efficiently from data that match their current learning progress. However, CL methods are still poorly understood and, in particular for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Lucas Weber , Jaap Jumelet , Paul Michel , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Continual learning (CL) is a major challenge of machine learning (ML) and describes the ability to learn several tasks sequentially without catastrophic forgetting (CF). Recent works indicate that CL is a complex topic, even more so when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Benedikt Bagus , Alexander Gepperth

Curriculum Learning - the idea of teaching by gradually exposing the learner to examples in a meaningful order, from easy to hard, has been investigated in the context of machine learning long ago. Although methods based on this concept…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Daphna Weinshall , Dan Amir

Directly learning from examples of varying difficulty levels is often challenging for both humans and machine learning models. A more effective strategy involves exposing learners to examples in a progressive order from easy to difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Guangyu Meng , Qingkai Zeng , John P. Lalor , Hong Yu

Curriculum analytics (CA) studies curriculum structure and student data to ensure the quality of educational programs. An essential aspect is studying course properties, which involves assigning each course a representative difficulty…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Frederik Baucks , Robin Schmucker , Laurenz Wiskott

While Curriculum Learning (CL) has recently gained traction in Natural language Processing Tasks, it is still not adequately analyzed. Previous works only show their effectiveness but fail short to explain and interpret the internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Anvesh Rao Vijjini , Kaveri Anuranjana , Radhika Mamidi

Curriculum learning for training LLMs requires a difficulty signal that aligns with reasoning while remaining scalable and interpretable. We propose a simple premise: tasks that demand deeper depth of thought for humans should also be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jeesu Jung , Sangkeun Jung

Curriculum learning (CL) aims to increase the performance of a learner on a given task by applying a specialized learning strategy. This strategy focuses on either the dataset, the task, or the model. There is little to no work analysing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Luca Scharr , Vanessa Toborek

Continual learning (CL) is the sub-field of machine learning concerned with accumulating knowledge in dynamic environments. So far, CL research has mainly focused on incremental classification tasks, where models learn to classify new…

As an emerging topic in face recognition, designing margin-based loss functions can increase the feature margin between different classes for enhanced discriminability. More recently, the idea of mining-based strategies is adopted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yuge Huang , Yuhan Wang , Ying Tai , Xiaoming Liu , Pengcheng Shen , Shaoxin Li , Jilin Li , Feiyue Huang

Continual learning (CL) provides a framework for training models in ever-evolving environments. Although re-occurrence of previously seen objects or tasks is common in real-world problems, the concept of repetition in the data stream is not…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular paradigm for addressing sequential decision tasks in which the agent has only limited environmental feedback. Despite many advances over the past three decades, learning in many domains still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Sanmit Narvekar , Bei Peng , Matteo Leonetti , Jivko Sinapov , Matthew E. Taylor , Peter Stone