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Fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs) typically requires substantial amounts of high-quality supervised data, which is both costly and labor-intensive to acquire. While synthetic data generation has emerged as a promising solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zihong Chen , Wanli Jiang , Jinzhe Li , Zhonghang Yuan , Huanjun Kong , Wanli Ouyang , Nanqing Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate software development, yet most prior evaluations focus on functional correctness or high-level languages such as Python. As one of the first systematic explorations of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Atieh Barati Nia , Mohammad Dindoost , David A. Bader

In High-Level Synthesis (HLS), converting a regular C/C++ program into its HLS-compatible counterpart (HLS-C) still requires tremendous manual effort. Various program scripts have been introduced to automate this process. But the resulting…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Kangwei Xu , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize various fields, including code development, robotics, finance, and education, due to their extensive prior knowledge and rapid advancements. This paper investigates how LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Liangliang Chen , Zhihao Qin , Yiming Guo , Jacqueline Rohde , Ying Zhang

Analog circuits are crucial in modern electronic systems, and automating their design has attracted significant research interest. One of major challenges is topology synthesis, which determines circuit components and their connections.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Haoyi Zhang , Shizhao Sun , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Jiang Bian

Large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed an upsurge in automatic code generation, garnering significant attention for register transfer level (RTL) code generation. Despite the potential of RTL code generation with natural language, it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Chenwei Xiong , Cheng Liu , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Analog and mixed-signal circuit design remains challenging due to the shortage of high-quality data and the difficulty of embedding domain knowledge into automated flows. Traditional black-box optimization achieves sampling efficiency but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Ziming Wei , Zichen Kong , Yuan Wang , David Z. Pan , Xiyuan Tang

The design of efficient hardware accelerators for high-throughput data-processing applications, e.g., deep neural networks, is a challenging task in computer architecture design. In this regard, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) emerges as a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Lorenzo Ferretti , Andrea Cini , Georgios Zacharopoulos , Cesare Alippi , Laura Pozzi

In the realm of ASIC engineering, the landscape has been significantly reshaped by the rapid development of LLM, paralleled by an increase in the complexity of modern digital circuits. This complexity has escalated the requirements for HDL…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Emil Goh , Maoyang Xiang , I-Chyn Wey , T. Hui Teo

Synthetic verification techniques such as generating test cases and reward modelling are common ways to enhance the coding capabilities of large language models (LLM) beyond predefined tests. Additionally, code verification has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aleksander Ficek , Somshubra Majumdar , Vahid Noroozi , Boris Ginsburg

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate immense potential for automating integrated circuit (IC) development, their practical deployment is fundamentally limited by restricted context windows. Existing context-extension methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Changwen Xing , SamZaak Wong , Xinlai Wan , Yanfeng Lu , Mengli Zhang , Zebin Ma , Lei Qi , Zhengxiong Li , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang , Xi Wang , Jun Yang

The generation of high-fidelity synthetic data is a cornerstone of modern machine learning, yet Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently suffer from hallucinations, logical inconsistencies, and mode collapse when tasked with structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehua Cheng , Wei Dai , Jiahao Sun , Thomas Lukasiewicz

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) is emerging as a mainstream design methodology, allowing software designers to enjoy the benefits of a hardware implementation. Significant work has led to effective compilers that produce high-quality hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Jeffrey Goeders , Steven J. E. Wilton

In this work, we present a new approach to high level synthesis (HLS), where high level functions are first mapped to an architectural template, before hardware synthesis is performed. As FPGA platforms are especially suitable for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Shaoyi Cheng , John Wawrzynek

Logic synthesis is a challenging and widely-researched combinatorial optimization problem during integrated circuit (IC) design. It transforms a high-level description of hardware in a programming language like Verilog into an optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg

Teaching large language models (LLMs) to use tools is crucial for improving their problem-solving abilities and expanding their applications. However, effectively using tools is challenging because it requires a deep understanding of tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jingwei Wang , Zai Zhang , Hao Qian , Chunjing Gan , Binbin Hu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Bin Shi , Bo Dong

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to generate hardware description language (HDL) code for digital circuits, they still face the hallucination problem, which can result in the generation of incorrect HDL code…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Wenhao Sun , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann

In recent years, domain-specific accelerators (DSAs) have gained popularity for applications such as deep learning and autonomous driving. To facilitate DSA designs, programmers use high-level synthesis (HLS) to compile a high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zongyue Qin , Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Legal dispute analysis is crucial for intelligent legal assistance systems. However, current LLMs face significant challenges in understanding complex legal concepts, maintaining reasoning consistency, and accurately citing legal sources.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Mingda Zhang , Na Zhao , Jianglong Qing , Qing xu , Kaiwen Pan , Ting luo

High-Level Synthesis has introduced reconfigurable logic to a new world -- that of software development. The newest wave of HLS tools has been successful, and the future looks bright. But is HLS the end-all-be-all to FPGA acceleration? Is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Pedro Filipe Silva , João Bispo , Nuno Paulino