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Developing a high-performing large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages such as Urdu, present several challenges. These challenges include the scarcity of high-quality datasets, multilingual inconsistencies, and safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Kanwal Mehreen , Muhammad Arham , Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Farooq

Transformer-based models achieve state-of-the-art dependency parsing for high-resource languages, yet their advantage over simpler architectures in low-resource settings remains poorly understood. We evaluate four parsers -- the Biaffine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kevin Guan , Happy Buzaaba , Christiane Fellbaum

Transliteration, the process of mapping text from one script to another, plays a crucial role in multilingual natural language processing, especially within linguistically diverse contexts such as India. Despite significant advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Gulfarogh Azam , Mohd Sadique , Saif Ali , Mohammad Nadeem , Erik Cambria , Shahab Saquib Sohail , Mohammad Sultan Alam

Sequence-to-sequence (S2S) pre-training using large monolingual data is known to improve performance for various S2S NLP tasks in low-resource settings. However, large monolingual corpora might not always be available for the languages of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Haiyue Song , Raj Dabre , Zhuoyuan Mao , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi , Eiichiro Sumita

Low-resource Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (MNMT) is typically tasked with improving the translation performance on one or more language pairs with the aid of high-resource language pairs. In this paper, we propose two simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Gaurav Kumar , Philipp Koehn , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieved rapid progress in the recent years. However, despite their growth, VLMs development is heavily grounded on English, leading to two main limitations: (i) the lack of multilingual and multimodal datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Daniela Baiamonte , Elena Fano , Matteo Gabburo , Stefano Simonazzi , Leonardo Rigutini , Andrea Zugarini

This paper describes our system developed for the SemEval-2023 Task 12 "Sentiment Analysis for Low-resource African Languages using Twitter Dataset". Sentiment analysis is one of the most widely studied applications in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Mingyang Wang , Heike Adel , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Hinrich Schütze

The data scarcity in low-resource languages has become a bottleneck to building robust neural machine translation systems. Fine-tuning a multilingual pre-trained model (e.g., mBART (Liu et al., 2020)) on the translation task is a good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Pascale Fung

Figures of Speech (FoS) consist of multi-word phrases that are deeply intertwined with culture. While Neural Machine Translation (NMT) performs relatively well with the figurative expressions of high-resource languages, it often faces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Johan Sofalas , Dilushri Pavithra , Nevidu Jayatilleke , Ruvan Weerasinghe

In an evolving landscape of crisis communication, the need for robust and adaptable Machine Translation (MT) systems is more pressing than ever, particularly for low-resource languages. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Séamus Lankford , Andy Way

Pretrained multilingual contextual representations have shown great success, but due to the limits of their pretraining data, their benefits do not apply equally to all language varieties. This presents a challenge for language varieties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ethan C. Chau , Lucy H. Lin , Noah A. Smith

While large language models are trained on massive datasets, this data is heavily skewed towards English. Does their impressive performance reflect genuine ability or just this data advantage? To find out, we tested them in a setting where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ritesh Sunil Chavan , Jack Mostow

In this survey, we systematically analyze techniques used to adapt large multimodal models (LMMs) for low-resource (LR) languages, examining approaches ranging from visual enhancement and data creation to cross-modal transfer and fusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marian Lupascu , Ana-Cristina Rogoz , Mihai Sorin Stupariu , Radu Tudor Ionescu

It has been shown that the performance of neural machine translation (NMT) drops starkly in low-resource conditions, underperforming phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) and requiring large amounts of auxiliary data to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Rico Sennrich , Biao Zhang

This work explores better adaptation methods to low-resource languages using an external language model (LM) under the framework of transfer learning. We first build a language-independent ASR system in a unified sequence-to-sequence (S2S)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-08 Hirofumi Inaguma , Jaejin Cho , Murali Karthick Baskar , Tatsuya Kawahara , Shinji Watanabe

This paper discusses Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Mumbai's (CDACM) submission to the NLP Tools Contest on Statistical Machine Translation in Indian Languages (ILSMT) 2014 (collocated with ICON 2014). The objective of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Raj Nath Patel , Prakash B. Pimpale , Sasikumar M

Aligning multilingual assistants with culturally grounded user preferences is essential for serving India's linguistically diverse population of over one billion speakers across multiple scripts. However, existing benchmarks either focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Arya Shah , Himanshu beniwal , Mayank Singh

One of the first steps in the utterance interpretation pipeline of many task-oriented conversational AI systems is to identify user intents and the corresponding slots. Since data collection for machine learning models for this task is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Sebastian Schuster , Sonal Gupta , Rushin Shah , Mike Lewis

Despite the recent popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Machine Translation (MT), their performance in low-resource languages (LRLs) still lags significantly behind Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models. In this work, we explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Vivek Iyer , Bhavitvya Malik , Pavel Stepachev , Pinzhen Chen , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) often provide suboptimal performance on low-resource languages like Urdu. This paper introduces UrduLLaMA 1.0, a model derived from the open-source Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct architecture and continually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Layba Fiaz , Munief Hassan Tahir , Sana Shams , Sarmad Hussain