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The evaluation of large language models faces significant challenges. Technical benchmarks often lack real-world relevance, while existing human preference evaluations suffer from unrepresentative sampling, superficial assessment depth, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Nora Petrova , Andrew Gordon , Enzo Blindow

RLHF has emerged as a predominant approach for aligning artificial intelligence systems with human preferences, demonstrating exceptional and measurable efficacy in instruction following tasks; however, it exhibits insufficient compliance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ruopei Sun , Jianfeng Cai , Jinhua Zhu , Kangwen Zhao , Dongyun Xue , Wengang Zhou , Li Li , Houqiang Li

While learning to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences has shown remarkable success, aligning these models to meet the diverse user preferences presents further challenges in preserving previous knowledge. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Gihun Lee , Minchan Jeong , Yujin Kim , Hojung Jung , Jaehoon Oh , Sangmook Kim , Se-Young Yun

Automated negotiation in complex, multi-party and multi-issue settings critically depends on accurate opponent modeling. However, conventional numerical-only approaches fail to capture the qualitative information embedded in natural…

While astonishingly capable, large Language Models (LLM) can sometimes produce outputs that deviate from human expectations. Such deviations necessitate an alignment phase to prevent disseminating untruthful, toxic, or biased information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Han Shu , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Nguyen H. Tran

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

As LLMs become capable of complex tasks, there is growing potential for personalized interactions tailored to the subtle and idiosyncratic preferences of the user. We present a public benchmark, PersonalLLM, focusing on adapting LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Thomas P. Zollo , Andrew Wei Tung Siah , Naimeng Ye , Ang Li , Hongseok Namkoong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet their transition to real-world applications reveals a critical limitation: the inability to adapt to individual preferences while maintaining alignment with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Jian Guan , Junfei Wu , Jia-Nan Li , Chuanqi Cheng , Wei Wu

Aligning large language models (LLM) with human preference plays a key role in building modern generative models and can be achieved by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Despite their superior performance, current RLHF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Kaixuan Ji , Jiafan He , Quanquan Gu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in sequential recommendation tasks, leveraging their superior language understanding capabilities. However, existing LLM-based recommendation approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Minglai Shao , Hua Huang , Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently received significant attention for their exceptional capabilities. Despite extensive efforts in developing general-purpose LLMs that can be utilized in various natural language processing (NLP)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Fan Yang , Zheng Chen , Ziyan Jiang , Eunah Cho , Xiaojiang Huang , Yanbin Lu

Deep Reinforcement Learning is widely used for aligning Large Language Models (LLM) with human preference. However, the conventional reward modelling is predominantly dependent on human annotations provided by a select cohort of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Dexun Li , Cong Zhang , Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

In this article, we investigate the alignment of Large Language Models according to human preferences. We discuss the features of training a Preference Model, which simulates human preferences, and the methods and details we found essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexey Kutalev , Sergei Markoff

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intents critically involves the use of human or AI feedback. While dense feedback annotations are expensive to acquire and integrate, sparse feedback presents a structural design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Hritik Bansal , John Dang , Aditya Grover

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities as automatic evaluators in assessing the quality of generated natural language. However, LLMs still exhibit biases in evaluation and often struggle to generate coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yinhong Liu , Han Zhou , Zhijiang Guo , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Nigel Collier

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) offers a promising approach for aligning policies with human intent but is often constrained by the high cost of human feedback. In this work, we introduce PrefVLM, a framework that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Udita Ghosh , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Jiachen Li , Konstantinos Karydis , Amit Roy-Chowdhury

Preference alignment via reward models helps build safe, helpful, and reliable large language models (LLMs). However, subjectivity in preference judgments and the lack of representative sampling in preference data collection can introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Joel Mire , Zubin Trivadi Aysola , Daniel Chechelnitsky , Nicholas Deas , Chrysoula Zerva , Maarten Sap

This paper argues that large language model-based recommenders can displace today's attention-allocation machinery. LLM-based recommenders would ingest open-web content, infer a user's natural-language goals, and present information that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Seth Lazar , Luke Thorburn , Tian Jin , Luca Belli

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet aligning their generations with human preferences remains a critical challenge. Existing approaches to preference modeling often rely on an explicit or implicit reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zhuocheng Gong , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Preference optimization, particularly through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), has achieved significant success in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to adhere to human intentions. Unlike offline alignment with a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Shenao Zhang , Donghan Yu , Hiteshi Sharma , Han Zhong , Zhihan Liu , Ziyi Yang , Shuohang Wang , Hany Hassan , Zhaoran Wang