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A self-driving vehicle must understand its environment to determine the appropriate action. Traditional autonomy systems rely on object detection to find the agents in the scene. However, object detection assumes a discrete set of objects…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Sourav Biswas , Sergio Casas , Quinlan Sykora , Ben Agro , Abbas Sadat , Raquel Urtasun

In recent years, imitation-based driving planners have reported considerable success. However, due to the absence of a standardized benchmark, the effectiveness of various designs remains unclear. The newly released nuPlan addresses this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Jie Cheng , Yingbing Chen , Xiaodong Mei , Bowen Yang , Bo Li , Ming Liu

Efficient trajectory planning for urban intersections is currently one of the most challenging tasks for an Autonomous Vehicle (AV). Courteous behavior towards other traffic participants, the AV's comfort and its progression in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Oliver Speidel , Maximilian Graf , Ankit Kaushik , Thanh Phan-Huu , Andreas Wedel , Klaus Dietmayer

Existing end-to-end autonomous driving models rely heavily on purely data-driven inductive reasoning. This "black-box" nature leads to a lack of interpretability and absolute safety guarantees in complex, long-tail scenarios. To overcome…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyan Wei , Wael AbdAlmageed

We present an approach for safe trajectory planning, where a strategic task related to autonomous racing is learned sample-efficient within a simulation environment. A high-level policy, represented as a neural network, outputs a reward…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Rudolf Reiter , Jasper Hoffmann , Joschka Boedecker , Moritz Diehl

Decision-making and motion planning constitute critical components for ensuring the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing methodologies typically adopt two paradigms: decision then planning or generation then scoring.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ruoyu Yao , Yubin Wang , Haichao Liu , Rui Yang , Zengqi Peng , Lei Zhu , Jun Ma

In automated driving, predicting trajectories of surrounding vehicles supports reasoning about scene dynamics and enables safe planning for the ego vehicle. However, existing models handle predictions as an instantaneous task of forecasting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Steffen Hagedorn , Aron Distelzweig , Marcel Hallgarten , Alexandru P. Condurache

While Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained significant traction across various fields, path planning in 3D environments remains a critical challenge, particularly under size, weight, and power (SWAP) constraints. Traditional modular…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yufei Jiang , Yuanzhu Zhan , Harsh Vardhan Gupta , Chinmay Borde , Junyi Geng

End-to-end autonomous driving directly generates planning trajectories from raw sensor data, yet it typically relies on costly perception supervision to extract scene information. A critical research challenge arises: constructing an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Yupeng Zheng , Pengxuan Yang , Zebin Xing , Qichao Zhang , Yuhang Zheng , Yinfeng Gao , Pengfei Li , Teng Zhang , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Dongbin Zhao

Trajectory prediction and planning are essential for autonomous vehicles to navigate safely and efficiently in dynamic environments. Traditional approaches often treat them separately, limiting the ability for interactive planning. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Anjian Li , Sangjae Bae , David Isele , Ryne Beeson , Faizan M. Tariq

Hybrid planner switching framework (HPSF) for autonomous driving needs to reconcile high-speed driving efficiency with safe maneuvering in dense traffic. Existing HPSF methods often fail to make reliable mode transitions or sustain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 He Li , Zhaowei Chen , Rui Gao , Guoliang Li , Qi Hao , Shuai Wang , Chengzhong Xu

Accurate trajectory prediction and motion planning are crucial for autonomous driving systems to navigate safely in complex, interactive environments characterized by multimodal uncertainties. However, current generation-then-evaluation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruiguo Zhong , Ruoyu Yao , Pei Liu , Xiaolong Chen , Rui Yang , Jun Ma

Motion planning in dynamically changing environments is one of the most complex challenges in autonomous driving. Safety is a crucial requirement, along with driving comfort and speed limits. While classical sampling-based, lattice-based,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Maksim Katerishich , Mikhail Kurenkov , Sausar Karaf , Artem Nenashev , Dzmitry Tsetserukou

Due to the powerful vision-language reasoning and generalization abilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention in the field of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, their application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xueyi Liu , Zuodong Zhong , Yuxin Guo , Yun-Fu Liu , Zhiguo Su , Qichao Zhang , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Yupeng Zheng , Qiao Lin , Huiyong Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Autonomous exploration in unknown environments is key for mobile robots, helping them perceive, map, and make decisions in complex areas. However, current methods often rely on frequent global optimization, suffering from high computational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Kai Li , Shengtao Zheng , Linkun Xiu , Yuze Sheng , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Dongyue Huang , Xinlei Chen

General-purpose planning algorithms for automated driving combine mission, behavior, and local motion planning. Such planning algorithms map features of the environment and driving kinematics into complex reward functions. To achieve this,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Sascha Rosbach , Vinit James , Simon Großjohann , Silviu Homoceanu , Xing Li , Stefan Roth

We present the design of a motion planning algorithm that ensures safety for an autonomous vehicle. In particular, we consider a multimodal distribution over uncertainties; for example, the uncertain predictions of future trajectories of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-01 Heejin Ahn , Colin Chen , Ian M. Mitchell , Maryam Kamgarpour

We present a new method for multi-modal, long-term vehicle trajectory prediction. Our approach relies on using lane centerlines captured in rich maps of the environment to generate a set of proposed goal paths for each vehicle. Using these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Lingyao Zhang , Po-Hsun Su , Jerrick Hoang , Galen Clark Haynes , Micol Marchetti-Bowick

Making safe and human-like decisions is an essential capability of autonomous driving systems, and learning-based behavior planning presents a promising pathway toward achieving this objective. Distinguished from existing learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Zhiyu Huang , Haochen Liu , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Motion prediction for intelligent vehicles typically focuses on estimating the most probable future evolutions of a traffic scenario. Estimating the gap acceptance, i.e., whether a vehicle merges or crosses before another vehicle with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Max Bastian Mertens , Jona Ruof , Jan Strohbeck , Michael Buchholz