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High-quality speech coding at low bitrates is crucial for bandwidth-constrained applications, yet remains challenging due to the severe loss of quality-critical information in highly compressed representations. To overcome this challenge,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling , Ji Wu

We propose a neural audio generative model, MDCTNet, operating in the perceptually weighted domain of an adaptive modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). The architecture of the model captures correlations in both time and frequency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Grant Davidson , Mark Vinton , Per Ekstrand , Cong Zhou , Lars Villemoes , Lie Lu

We propose an audio codec that addresses the low-delay requirements of some applications such as network music performance. The codec is based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) with very short frames and uses gain-shape…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Jean-Marc Valin , Timothy B. Terriberry , Gregory Maxwell

Frequency domain processing, and in particular the use of Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT), is the most widespread approach to audio coding. However, at low bitrates, audio quality, especially for speech, degrades drastically due…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-23 Kishan Gupta , Srikanth Korse , Bernd Edler , Guillaume Fuchs

Neural audio coding has been shown to outperform classical audio coding at extremely low bitrates. However, the practical application of neural audio codecs is still limited by their elevated complexity. To address this challenge, we have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Jiawei Jiang , Linping Xu , Dejun Zhang , Qingbo Huang , Xianjun Xia , Yijian Xiao

We introduce LMCodec, a causal neural speech codec that provides high quality audio at very low bitrates. The backbone of the system is a causal convolutional codec that encodes audio into a hierarchy of coarse-to-fine tokens using residual…

High-fidelity neural audio codecs in Text-to-speech (TTS) aim to compress speech signals into discrete representations for faithful reconstruction. However, prior approaches faced challenges in effectively disentangling acoustic and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Xiaoyang Hao , Yichen Han , Junjie Cao , Yue Liu , Kai Zhang

This paper proposes StreamCodec, a streamable neural audio codec designed for real-time communication. StreamCodec adopts a fully causal, symmetric encoder-decoder structure and operates in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Rui-Chen Zheng , Zhen-Hua Ling

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a relevant tool in signal processing applications, mainly known for its good decorrelation properties. Current image and video coding standards -- such as JPEG and HEVC -- adopt the DCT as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 T. L. T. da Silveira , D. R. Canterle , D. F. G. Coelho , V. A. Coutinho , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modelling techniques to audio data. However, traditional codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haohe Liu , Xuenan Xu , Yi Yuan , Mengyue Wu , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley

This paper presents LongCat-Audio-Codec, an audio tokenizer and detokenizer solution designed for industrial grade end-to-end speech large language models. By leveraging a decoupled model architecture and a multistage training strategy,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Xiaohan Zhao , Hongyu Xiang , Shengze Ye , Song Li , Zhengkun Tian , Guanyu Chen , Ke Ding , Guanglu Wan

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

Neural audio codecs have significantly advanced audio compression by efficiently converting continuous audio signals into discrete tokens. These codecs preserve high-quality sound and enable sophisticated sound generation through generative…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xiaoyu Bie , Xubo Liu , Gaël Richard

Although discrete speech tokens have exhibited strong potential for language model-based speech generation, their high bitrates and redundant timbre information restrict the development of such models. In this work, we propose LSCodec, a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Chenpeng Du , Hankun Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Speech super-resolution (SSR) aims to recover a high resolution (HR) speech from its corresponding low resolution (LR) counterpart. Recent SSR methods focus more on the reconstruction of the magnitude spectrogram, ignoring the importance of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Chenhao Shuai , Chaohua Shi , Lu Gan , Hongqing Liu

Neural speech codecs have demonstrated their ability to compress high-quality speech and audio by converting them into discrete token representations. Most existing methods utilize Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) to encode speech into…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peiji Yang , Fengping Wang , Yicheng Zhong , Huawei Wei , Zhisheng Wang

Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing through self-supervised pretraining on massive datasets. Inspired by this success, researchers have explored adapting these methods to speech by discretizing continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Luca Della Libera , Francesco Paissan , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Built upon vector quantization (VQ), discrete audio codec models have achieved great success in audio compression and auto-regressive audio generation. However, existing models face substantial challenges in perceptual quality and signal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Zhikang Niu , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu

Universal audio codecs learn entangled representations across audio types, whereas some specific codecs offer decoupled representations but are limited to speech. Real-world audio, however, often contains mixed speech and background sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiaoxue Luo , Jinwei Huang , Runyan Yang , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Neural audio codecs have recently gained popularity because they can represent audio signals with high fidelity at very low bitrates, making it feasible to use language modeling approaches for audio generation and understanding. Residual…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hubert Siuzdak , Florian Grötschla , Luca A. Lanzendörfer
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