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The problem of class incremental learning (CIL) is considered. State-of-the-art approaches use a dynamic architecture based on network expansion (NE), in which a task expert is added per task. While effective from a computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Yunsheng Li , Jiancheng Lyu , Dashan Gao , Nuno Vasconcelos

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to continually learn a sequence of tasks, with each task consisting of a set of unique classes. Graph CIL (GCIL) follows the same setting but needs to deal with graph tasks (e.g., node classification in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Chaoxi Niu , Guansong Pang , Ling Chen , Bing Liu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) has been widely studied under the setting of starting from a small number of classes (base classes). Instead, we explore an understudied real-world setting of CIL that starts with a strong model pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Tz-Ying Wu , Gurumurthy Swaminathan , Zhizhong Li , Avinash Ravichandran , Nuno Vasconcelos , Rahul Bhotika , Stefano Soatto

We tackle the problem of class incremental learning (CIL) in the realm of landcover classification from optical remote sensing (RS) images in this paper. The paradigm of CIL has recently gained much prominence given the fact that data are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 S Divakar Bhat , Biplab Banerjee , Subhasis Chaudhuri , Avik Bhattacharya

New categories may be introduced over time, or existing categories may need to be reclassified. Class incremental learning (CIL) is employed for the gradual acquisition of knowledge about new categories while preserving information about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Zhiwei Zuo , Zhuo Tang , Bin Wang , Kenli Li , Anwitaman Datta

Class-incremental learning (CIL) poses significant challenges in open-world scenarios, where models must not only learn new classes over time without forgetting previous ones but also handle inputs from unknown classes that a closed-set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Srishti Gupta , Daniele Angioni , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Lea Schönherr , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli

Deep neural networks perform remarkably well in close-world scenarios. However, novel classes emerged continually in real applications, making it necessary to learn incrementally. Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to gradually recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Wenzhuo Liu , Fei Zhu , Cheng-Lin Liu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) seeks to enable a model to sequentially learn new classes while retaining knowledge of previously learned ones. Balancing flexibility and stability remains a significant challenge, particularly when the task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fangwen Wu , Lechao Cheng , Shengeng Tang , Xiaofeng Zhu , Chaowei Fang , Dingwen Zhang , Meng Wang

In class incremental learning (CIL) a model must learn new classes in a sequential manner without forgetting old ones. However, conventional CIL methods consider a balanced distribution for each new task, which ignores the prevalence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Xialei Liu , Yu-Song Hu , Xu-Sheng Cao , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Ke Li , Ming-Ming Cheng

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to train a reliable model with the streaming data, which emerges unknown classes sequentially. Different from traditional closed set learning, CIL has two main challenges: 1) Novel class detection. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yang Yang , Zhen-Qiang Sun , HengShu Zhu , Yanjie Fu , Hui Xiong , Jian Yang

When learning new tasks in a sequential manner, deep neural networks tend to forget tasks that they previously learned, a phenomenon called catastrophic forgetting. Class incremental learning methods aim to address this problem by keeping a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Jinlin Xiang , Eli Shlizerman

It is common to have continuous streams of new data that need to be introduced in the system in real-world applications. The model needs to learn newly added capabilities (future tasks) while retaining the old knowledge (past tasks).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Md Sazzad Hossain , Pritom Saha , Townim Faisal Chowdhury , Shafin Rahman , Fuad Rahman , Nabeel Mohammed

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) is a critical capability for real-world applications, enabling learning systems to adapt to new tasks while retaining knowledge from previous ones. Recent advancements in pre-trained models (PTMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kun He , Zijian Song , Shuoxi Zhang , John E. Hopcroft

Class incremental learning (CIL) requires an agent to learn distinct tasks consecutively with knowledge retention against forgetting. Problems impeding the practical applications of CIL methods are twofold: (1) non-i.i.d batch streams and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Junda Wang , Minghui Hu , Ning Li , Abdulaziz Al-Ali , Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

We consider class incremental learning (CIL) problem, in which a learning agent continuously learns new classes from incrementally arriving training data batches and aims to predict well on all the classes learned so far. The main challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Hongjoon Ahn , Jihwan Kwak , Subin Lim , Hyeonsu Bang , Hyojun Kim , Taesup Moon

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) enables learning systems to continuously adapt to evolving data streams. With the advancement of pre-training, leveraging pre-trained vision-language models (e.g., CLIP) offers a promising starting point for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Da-Wei Zhou , Kai-Wen Li , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , Lijun Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan

This paper proposes a simple but highly efficient expansion-based model for continual learning. The recent feature transformation, masking and factorization-based methods are efficient, but they grow the model only over the global or shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Soumya Roy , Vinay K Verma , Deepak Gupta

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize both the old and new classes along the increment tasks. Deep neural networks in CIL suffer from catastrophic forgetting and some approaches rely on saving exemplars from previous tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

Algorithm selection is commonly used to predict the best solver from a portfolio per per-instance. In many real scenarios, instances arrive in a stream: new instances become available over time, while the number of class labels can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mate Botond Nemeth , Emma Hart , Kevin Sim , Quentin Renau

Exemplar-free class incremental learning (EF-CIL) is a nontrivial task that requires continuously enriching model capability with new classes while maintaining previously learned knowledge without storing and replaying any old class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianqi Wang , Jingcai Guo , Depeng Li , Zhi Chen