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Since the introduction of the first Bitcoin blockchain in 2008, different decentralized blockchain systems such as Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, and Corda, have emerged with public and private accessibility. It has been widely acknowledged…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Mostafa Kazemi , Abbas Yazdinejad

Off-grid networks are recently emerging as a solution to connect the unconnected or provide alternative services to networks of possibly untrusted participants. The systems currently used, however, exhibit limitations due to their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Harris Niavis , Nikolaos Papadis , Leandros Tassiulas

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have made payment transactions possible without a trusted third party, but they have a scalability issue due to their consensus mechanisms. Payment networks have emerged to overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junmo Lee , Seongjun Kim , Sanghyeon Park , Soo-Mook Moon

Options are fundamental to blockchain-based financial services, offering essential tools for risk management and price speculation, which enhance liquidity, flexibility, and market efficiency in decentralized finance (DeFi). Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zifan Peng , Yingjie Xue , Jingyu Liu

Blockchains offer a useful abstraction: a trustworthy, decentralized log of totally ordered transactions. Traditional blockchains have problems with scalability and efficiency, preventing their use for many applications. These limitations…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Isaac Sheff , Xinwen Wang , Andrew C. Myers , Robbert van Renesse

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based computing verification protocol, called EntrapNet, for distributed shared computing networks, an emerging underlying network for many internet of things (IoT) applications. EntrapNet borrows the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Chong Li , Lei Zhang , Serbiao Fang

Scalability is one of the main roadblocks to business adoption of blockchain systems. Despite recent intensive research on using sharding techniques to enhance the scalability of blockchain systems, existing solutions do not efficiently…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Mohammad Javad Amiri , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

There appears to be an insatiable desire for spawning new bespoke blockchains to harness the functionality provided by blockchain technologies, resulting in a constant stream of blockchain start-up companies entering the market with their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Sandra Johnson , Peter Robinson , John Brainard

Current blockchain technologies provide very limited means of interoperability. In particular, solutions enabling blockchains to verify the existence of data on other blockchains are either very costly or are not fully decentralized. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Philipp Frauenthaler , Marten Sigwart , Christof Spanring , Stefan Schulte

This paper presents a blockchain-based approach for securing spectrum sharing in multi-beam satellite systems. Satellite spectrum is a scarce resource that requires highly efficient management schemes for optimized sharing by network users.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Feng Li , Kwok-Yan Lam , Min Jia , Jun Zhao , Xiuhua Li , Li Wang

The rise of open and permissionless blockchains has introduced novel platforms for applications based on distributed data storage. At the application and business levels, long-established query languages such as SQL provide interoperability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Felix Härer

Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system. Its mining process requires intense computational resources, therefore its usefulness remains a disputable topic. We aim to solve three problems with Bitcoin and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Alexander Chepurnoy , Mario Larangeira , Alexander Ojiganov

In this paper, we present the first intrinsically secure and semantically universal omnichain interoperability protocol: LayerZero. Utilizing an immutable endpoint, append-only verification modules, and fully-configurable verification…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ryan Zarick , Bryan Pellegrino , Isaac Zhang , Thomas Kim , Caleb Banister

The automotive industry has seen an increased need for connectivity, both as a result of the advent of autonomous driving and the rise of connected cars and truck fleets. This shift has led to issues such as trusted coordination and a wider…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Parth Singhal , Siddharth Masih

Decentralized crypto-currencies based on the blockchain architecture under-utilize available network bandwidth, making them unable to scale to thousands of transactions per second. We define the Blockclique architecture, that addresses this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sébastien Forestier , Damir Vodenicarevic , Adrien Laversanne-Finot

Blockchain creates a secure environment on top of strict cryptographic assumptions and rigorous security proofs. It permits on-chain interactions to achieve trustworthy properties such as traceability, transparency, and accountability.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Chunchi Liu , Hechuan Guo , Minghui Xu , Shengling Wang , Dongxiao Yu , Jiguo Yu , Xiuzhen Cheng

Bitcoin rise has put blockchain technology into the mainstream, amplifying its potential and broad utility. While Bitcoin has become incredibly famous, its transaction rate has not match such a corresponding increase. It still takes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Han Song , Zhongche Qu , Yihao Wei

Blockchain interoperability is increasingly recognized as the centerpiece for robust interactions among decentralized services. Blockchain ledgers are generally tamper-proof and thus enforce non-repudiation for transactions recorded within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Tirthankar Sengupta , Bishakh Chandra Ghosh , Sandip Chakraborty , Shamik Sural

With the advent of the Internet of things (IoT) era, more and more devices are connected to the IoT. Under the traditional cloud-thing centralized management mode, the transmission of massive data is facing many difficulties, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Peiying Zhang , Xue Pang , Neeraj Kumar , Gagangeet Singh Aujla , Haotong Cao

Different versions of peer-to-peer electronic cash exist as data represented by separate blockchains. Payments between such systems cannot be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Bitcoin…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-09-12 S. Matthew English , Fabrizio Orlandi , Soeren Auer