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Code summarization is a critical task in natural language processing and software engineering, which aims to generate concise descriptions of source code. Recent advancements have improved the quality of these summaries, enhancing code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Vladimir Makharev , Vladimir Ivanov

Abstractive summarization has made tremendous progress in recent years. In this work, we perform fine-grained human annotations to evaluate long document abstractive summarization systems (i.e., models and metrics) with the aim of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Huan Yee Koh , Jiaxin Ju , He Zhang , Ming Liu , Shirui Pan

Conducting a systematic review (SR) is comprised of multiple tasks: (i) collect documents (studies) that are likely to be relevant from digital libraries (eg., PubMed), (ii) manually read and label the documents as relevant or irrelevant,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Grace E. Lee , Aixin Sun

The rapid growth of textual data across news, legal, medical, and scientific domains is becoming a challenge for efficiently accessing and understanding large volumes of content. It is increasingly complex for users to consume and extract…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pushpa Devi , Ayush Agrawal , Ashutosh Dubey , C. Ravindranath Chowdary

Query-focused summarization (QFS) aims to produce summaries that answer particular questions of interest, enabling greater user control and personalization. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), shows their impressive capability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jie Cao , Dian Jiao , Qiang Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

A radiology report comprises several sections, including the Findings and Impression of the diagnosis. Automatically generating the Impression from the Findings is crucial for reducing radiologists' workload and improving diagnostic…

In this paper, we present RTSUM, an unsupervised summarization framework that utilizes relation triples as the basic unit for summarization. Given an input document, RTSUM first selects salient relation triples via multi-level salience…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Seonglae Cho , Yonggi Cho , HoonJae Lee , Myungha Jang , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

Large language models (LLMs) excel in abstractive summarization tasks, delivering fluent and pertinent summaries. Recent advancements have extended their capabilities to handle long-input contexts, exceeding 100k tokens. However, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Mathieu Ravaut , Aixin Sun , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty

The ROUGE metric is commonly used to evaluate extractive summarization task, but it has been criticized for its lack of semantic awareness and its ignorance about the ranking quality of the extractive summarizer. Previous research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mousumi Akter , Santu Karmaker

Text ranking is a critical task in information retrieval. Recent advances in pre-trained language models (PLMs), especially large language models (LLMs), present new opportunities for applying them to text ranking. While supervised…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Longhui Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

Automated evaluation is crucial for streamlining text summarization benchmarking and model development, given the costly and time-consuming nature of human evaluation. Traditional methods like ROUGE do not correlate well with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Hwanjun Song , Hang Su , Igor Shalyminov , Jason Cai , Saab Mansour

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Evaluating the quality and variability of text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) poses a significant, yet unresolved research challenge. Traditional evaluation methods, such as ROUGE and BERTScore, which measure token similarity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Wendi Cui , Jiaxin Zhang , Zhuohang Li , Lopez Damien , Kamalika Das , Bradley Malin , Sricharan Kumar

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Prompt Engineering have made chatbot customization more accessible, significantly reducing barriers to tasks that previously required programming skills. However, prompt evaluation,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Sam Yu-Te Lee , Aryaman Bahukhandi , Dongyu Liu , Kwan-Liu Ma

Remarkable advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled high-quality text summarization. However, this capability is currently accessible only through LLMs of substantial size or proprietary LLMs with usage fees. In response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sangwon Ryu , Heejin Do , Yunsu Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee , Jungseul Ok

Despite the strong performance of large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks, they still have reliability issues. Previous studies indicate that strong LLMs like GPT-4-turbo excel in evaluating the reliability of responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Zijun Liu , Boqun Kou , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

Learning to Rank (LTR) methods generally assume that each document in a top-K ranking is presented in an equal format. However, previous work has shown that users' perceptions of relevance can be changed by varying presentations, i.e.,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Norman Knyazev , Harrie Oosterhuis

Attentional, RNN-based encoder-decoder models for abstractive summarization have achieved good performance on short input and output sequences. For longer documents and summaries however these models often include repetitive and incoherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Romain Paulus , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen

Building high-quality datasets and labeling query-document relevance are essential yet resource-intensive tasks, requiring detailed guidelines and substantial effort from human annotators. This paper explores the use of small, fine-tuned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Quentin Fitte-Rey , Matyas Amrouche , Romain Deveaud