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Automated Audio Captioning is a multimodal task that aims to convert audio content into natural language. The assessment of audio captioning systems is typically based on quantitative metrics applied to text data. Previous studies have…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Bruno L. Giordano , Michel Dumontier

Automated audio captioning aims at generating textual descriptions for an audio clip. To evaluate the quality of generated audio captions, previous works directly adopt image captioning metrics like SPICE and CIDEr, without justifying their…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Zelin Zhou , Zhiling Zhang , Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Mengyue Wu , Kenny Q. Zhu

Automatic Audio Captioning (AAC) is the task that aims to describe an audio signal using natural language. AAC systems take as input an audio signal and output a free-form text sentence, called a caption. Evaluating such systems is not…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Etienne Labbé , Thomas Pellegrini , Julien Pinquier

Automatic Audio Captioning (AAC) refers to the task of translating an audio sample into a natural language (NL) text that describes the audio events, source of the events and their relationships. Unlike NL text generation tasks, which rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Swapnil Bhosale , Rupayan Chakraborty , Sunil Kumar Kopparapu

Automated audio captioning (AAC), a task that mimics human perception as well as innovatively links audio processing and natural language processing, has overseen much progress over the last few years. AAC requires recognizing contents such…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Xuenan Xu , Zeyu Xie , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Automated audio captioning (AAC) aims to generate informative descriptions for various sounds from nature and/or human activities. In recent years, AAC has quickly attracted research interest, with state-of-the-art systems now relying on a…

Audio captioning quality metrics which are typically borrowed from the machine translation and image captioning areas measure the degree of overlap between predicted tokens and gold reference tokens. In this work, we consider a metric…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rehana Mahfuz , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser

The analysis, processing, and extraction of meaningful information from sounds all around us is the subject of the broader area of audio analytics. Audio captioning is a recent addition to the domain of audio analytics, a cross-modal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-04 Sandeep Kothinti , Dimitra Emmanouilidou

Automated audio captioning (AAC) is an audio-to-text task to describe audio contents in natural language. Recently, the advancements in large language models (LLMs), with improvements in training approaches for audio encoders, have opened…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Jizhong Liu , Gang Li , Junbo Zhang , Heinrich Dinkel , Yongqing Wang , Zhiyong Yan , Yujun Wang , Bin Wang

Automated audio captioning (AAC) is the task of automatically generating textual descriptions for general audio signals. A captioning system has to identify various information from the input signal and express it with natural language.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Benno Weck , Xavier Favory , Konstantinos Drossos , Xavier Serra

Automated audio captioning (AAC) is an important cross-modality translation task, aiming at generating descriptions for audio clips. However, captions generated by previous AAC models have faced ``false-repetition'' errors due to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Hanxue Zhang , Zeyu Xie , Xuenan Xu , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

Automated audio captioning models frequently produce overconfident predictions regardless of semantic accuracy, limiting their reliability in deployment. This deficiency stems from two factors: evaluation metrics based on n-gram overlap…

Automated audio captioning (AAC) aims at generating summarizing descriptions for audio clips. Multitudinous concepts are described in an audio caption, ranging from local information such as sound events to global information like acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Xuenan Xu , Heinrich Dinkel , Mengyue Wu , Zeyu Xie , Kai Yu

Automatic audio captioning is essential for audio understanding, enabling applications such as accessibility and content indexing. However, evaluating the quality of audio captions remains a major challenge, especially in reference-free…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Tianyu Guo , Hongyu Chen , Hao Liang , Meiyi Qiang , Bohan Zeng , Linzhuang Sun , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Automated audio captioning (AAC) is the task of automatically creating textual descriptions (i.e. captions) for the contents of a general audio signal. Most AAC methods are using existing datasets to optimize and/or evaluate upon. Given the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Jan Berg , Konstantinos Drossos

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) generates captions for audio clips but faces challenges due to limited datasets compared to image captioning. To overcome this, we propose the zero-shot AAC system that leverages pre-trained models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Vijay Govindarajan , Pratik Patel , Sahil Tripathi , Md Azizul Hoque , Gautam Siddharth Kashyap

Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) systems attempt to generate a natural language sentence, a caption, that describes the content of an audio recording, in terms of sound events. Existing datasets provide audio-caption pairs, with captions…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Matéo Cousin , Étienne Labbé , Thomas Pellegrini

Metrics to evaluate audio captions simply provide a score without much explanation regarding what may be wrong in case the score is low. Manual human intervention is needed to find any shortcomings of the caption. In this work, we introduce…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Rehana Mahfuz , Yinyi Guo , Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Erik Visser

Automated audio captioning (AAC) has developed rapidly in recent years, involving acoustic signal processing and natural language processing to generate human-readable sentences for audio clips. The current models are generally based on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Zhongjie Ye , Helin Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou
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