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Large Language Models (LLMs) have training corpora containing large amounts of program code, greatly improving the model's code comprehension and generation capabilities. However, sound comprehensive research on detecting program…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yu Liu , Lang Gao , Mingxin Yang , Yu Xie , Ping Chen , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen

Against the backdrop of enthusiasm for large language models (LLMs), there is a growing need to scientifically assess their capabilities and shortcomings. This is nontrivial in part because it is difficult to find tasks which the models…

Unified multimodal models integrate the reasoning capacity of large language models with both image understanding and generation, showing great promise for advanced multimodal intelligence. However, the community still lacks a rigorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongxiang Li , Yaowei Li , Bin Lin , Yuwei Niu , Yuhang Yang , Xiaoshuang Huang , Jiayin Cai , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Long Chen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Large Code Models (LCMs), enabling automation in complex software engineering tasks, such as code generation, software testing, and program comprehension, among…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Alejandro Velasco , Aya Garryyeva , David N. Palacio , Antonio Mastropaolo , Denys Poshyvanyk

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated several emergent behaviors with scale, including reasoning and fluency in long-form text generation. However, they continue to struggle with tasks requiring precise spatial and positional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kerry Luo , Michael Fu , Joshua Peguero , Husnain Malik , Anvay Patil , Joyce Lin , Megan Van Overborg , Ryan Sarmiento , Kevin Zhu

3D spatial reasoning is the ability to analyze and interpret the positions, orientations, and spatial relationships of objects within the 3D space. This allows models to develop a comprehensive understanding of the 3D scene, enabling their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Wufei Ma , Haoyu Chen , Guofeng Zhang , Yu-Cheng Chou , Jieneng Chen , Celso M de Melo , Alan Yuille

We introduce MuirBench, a comprehensive benchmark that focuses on robust multi-image understanding capabilities of multimodal LLMs. MuirBench consists of 12 diverse multi-image tasks (e.g., scene understanding, ordering) that involve 10…

Tool learning has generated widespread interest as a vital means of interaction between Large Language Models (LLMs) and the physical world. Current research predominantly emphasizes LLMs' capacity to utilize tools in well-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

PowerPoint presentations combine rich textual content with structured visual layouts, making them a natural testbed for evaluating the multimodal reasoning and layout understanding abilities of modern MLLMs. However, existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zheng Huang , Xukai Liu , Tianyu Hu , Kai Zhang , Ye Liu

The remarkable reasoning and generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for their expanding applications in embodied AI, robotics, and other real-world tasks. To effectively support these applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dongil Yang , Minjin Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Beong-woo Kwak , Minjun Park , Jinseok Hong , Woontack Woo , Jinyoung Yeo

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

The generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly expanding from static code to dynamic, interactive visual artifacts. This progress is bottlenecked by a critical evaluation gap: established benchmarks focus on…

Recent advancements in Spatial Intelligence (SI) have predominantly relied on Vision-Language Models (VLMs), yet a critical question remains: does spatial understanding originate from visual encoders or the fundamental reasoning backbone?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zhongbin Guo , Zhen Yang , Yushan Li , Xinyue Zhang , Wenyu Gao , Jiacheng Wang , Chengzhi Li , Xiangrui Liu , Ping Jian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

We introduce Blueprint-Bench, a benchmark designed to evaluate spatial reasoning capabilities in AI models through the task of converting apartment photographs into accurate 2D floor plans. While the input modality (photographs) is well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lukas Petersson , Axel Backlund , Axel Wennstöm , Hanna Petersson , Callum Sharrock , Arash Dabiri

Recent years have seen a significant progress in the general-purpose problem solving abilities of large vision and language models (LVLMs), such as ChatGPT, Gemini, etc.; some of these breakthroughs even seem to enable AI models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Anoop Cherian , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Suhas Lohit , Joanna Matthiesen , Kevin Smith , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) exhibit strong performance on single-video tasks (e.g., video question answering), their capability for spatiotemporal pattern reasoning across multiple videos remains a critical gap in pattern…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nannan Zhu , Yonghao Dong , Teng Wang , Xueqian Li , Shengjun Deng , Yijia Wang , Zheng Hong , Tiantian Geng , Guo Niu , Hanyan Huang , Xiongfei Yao , Shuaiwei Jiao

Despite progress in video large language models (Video-LLMs), research on instructional video understanding, crucial for enhancing access to instructional content, remains insufficient. To address this, we introduce InstructionBench, an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Haiwan Wei , Yitian Yuan , Xiaohan Lan , Wei Ke , Lin Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Graph Reasoning have been extensively studied over the past two years, involving enabling LLMs to understand graph structures and reason on graphs to solve various graph problems, with graph algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuwei Hu , Xinyi Huang , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong