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In this paper, we introduce the context-aware probabilistic temporal logic (CAPTL) that provides an intuitive way to formalize system requirements by a set of PCTL objectives with a context-based priority structure. We formally present the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Mahmoud Elfar , Yu Wang , Miroslav Pajic

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing

Probabilistic model checking is a technique for formal automated reasoning about software or hardware systems that operate in the context of uncertainty or stochasticity. It builds upon ideas and techniques from a diverse range of fields,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-08 David Parker

This paper investigates the network load balancing problem in data centers (DCs) where multiple load balancers (LBs) are deployed, using the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework. The challenges of this problem consist of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Zhiyuan Yao , Zihan Ding

Existing tool-augmented agentic systems are limited in the real world by (i) black-box reasoning steps that undermine trust of decision-making and pose safety risks, (ii) poor multimodal integration, which is inherently critical for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yushi Feng , Junye Du , Yingying Hong , Qifan Wang , Lequan Yu

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is commonly considered to suffer from non-stationary environments and exponentially increasing policy space. It would be even more challenging when rewards are sparse and delayed over long…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on static reasoning benchmarks, yet their effectiveness as interactive agents operating in adversarial, time-sensitive environments remains poorly understood. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yang Li , Xing Chen , Yutao Liu , Gege Qi , Yanxian BI , Zizhe Wang , Yunjian Zhang , Yao Zhu

Strategy logic (SL) is a powerful temporal logic that enables strategic reasoning in multi-agent systems. SL supports explicit (first-order) quantification over strategies and provides a logical framework to express many important…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Raven Beutner , Bernd Finkbeiner

Learning in games provides a powerful framework to design control policies for self-interested agents that may be coupled through their dynamics, costs, or constraints. We consider the case where the dynamics of the coupled system can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Mostafa M. Shibl , Vijay Gupta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Although multi-agent reinforcement learning can tackle systems of strategically interacting entities, it currently fails in scalability and lacks rigorous convergence guarantees. Crucially, learning in multi-agent systems can become…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-03-15 David Mguni , Joel Jennings , Enrique Munoz de Cote

Multi-agent frameworks can substantially boost the reasoning power of large language models (LLMs), but they typically incur heavy computational costs and lack convergence guarantees. To overcome these challenges, we recast multi-LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xie Yi , Zhanke Zhou , Chentao Cao , Qiyu Niu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

This paper presents an approach for accelerated learning of optimal plans for a given task represented using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) in multi-agent systems. Given a set of options (temporally abstract actions) available to each agent,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Nishant Doshi

This work focuses on the entropy-regularized independent natural policy gradient (NPG) algorithm in multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this work, agents are assumed to have access to an oracle with exact policy evaluation and seek to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Youbang Sun , Tao Liu , P. R. Kumar , Shahin Shahrampour

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning and generation tasks. However, their proficiency in complex causal reasoning, discovery, and estimation remains an area of active development, often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Adib Bazgir , Amir Habibdoust , Yuwen Zhang , Xing Song

This paper considers the challenging tasks of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) under partial observability, where each agent only sees her own individual observations and actions that reveal incomplete information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Qinghua Liu , Csaba Szepesvári , Chi Jin

To safely and efficiently solve motion planning problems in multi-agent settings, most approaches attempt to solve a joint optimization that explicitly accounts for the responses triggered in other agents. This often results in solutions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Roman Chiva Gil , Daniel Jarne Ornia , Khaled A. Mustafa , Javier Alonso Mora

Coalescence, as a kind of ubiquitous group behavior in the nature and society, means that agents, companies or other substances keep consensus in states and act as a whole. This paper considers coalescence for n rational agents with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-08 Jingying Ma , Jinming Du , Yuanshi Zheng

Autonomous agents often operate in uncertain environments where their decisions are made based on beliefs over states of targets. We are interested in controller synthesis for complex tasks defined over belief spaces. Designing such…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Chanyeol Yoo , Calin Belta

In order for artificial agents to coordinate effectively with people, they must act consistently with existing conventions (e.g. how to navigate in traffic, which language to speak, or how to coordinate with teammates). A group's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Adam Lerer , Alexander Peysakhovich