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Recent advances in Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting have substantially enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), enabling sophisticated problem-solving through explicit multi-step reasoning traces. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xinyu Li , Tianjin Huang , Ronghui Mu , Xiaowei Huang , Gaojie Jin

The emergence of tools based on artificial intelligence has also led to the need of producing explanations which are understandable by a human being. In most approaches, the system is considered a black box, making it difficult to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Germán Vidal

Many applications of intelligent systems require reasoning about the mental states of agents in the domain. We may want to reason about an agent's beliefs, including beliefs about other agents; we may also want to reason about an agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Brian Milch , Daphne Koller

We robustify PCTL and PCTL*, the most important specification languages for probabilistic systems, and show that robustness does not increase the complexity of their model-checking problems.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Martin Zimmermann

This paper argues that a combined treatment of probabilities, time and actions is essential for an appropriate logical account of the notion of probability; and, based on this intuition, describes an expressive probabilistic temporal logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo

We address the problem of model checking context-free specifications for probabilistic pushdown automata, which has relevant applications in the verification of recursive probabilistic programs. Operator Precedence Languages (OPLs) are an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Francesco Pontiggia , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

To operate intelligently in the world, an agent must reason about its actions. The consequences of an action are a function of both the state of the world and the action itself. Many aspects of the world are inherently stochastic, so a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Peter Haddawy

Probabilistic systems are an important theme in AI domain. As the specification language, the logic PCTL is now the default logic for reasoning about probabilistic properties. In this paper, we present a natural and succinct probabilistic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-11 Wanwei Liu , Lei Song , Ji Wang , Lijun Zhang

In this paper, we introduce the context-aware probabilistic temporal logic (CAPTL) that provides an intuitive way to formalize system requirements by a set of PCTL objectives with a context-based priority structure. We formally present the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Mahmoud Elfar , Yu Wang , Miroslav Pajic

Propositional Projection Temporal Logic (PPTL) is a useful formalism for reasoning about period of time in hardware and software systems and can handle both sequential and parallel compositions. In this paper, based on discrete time Markov…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-11-08 Xiaoxiao Yang

The paper presents probabilistic extensions of interval temporal logic (ITL) and duration calculus (DC) with infinite intervals and complete Hilbert-style proof systems for them. The completeness results are a strong completeness theorem…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Dimitar P. Guelev

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorously specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., systems mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous environment or analog com- ponents. STL…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-06-30 Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Alexandre Donzé , Shromona Ghosh , Xiaoqing Jin , Garvit Juniwal , Sanjit A. Seshia

Probabilistic Logic Programming is an effective formalism for encoding problems characterized by uncertainty. Some of these problems may require the optimization of probability values subject to constraints among probability distributions…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Damiano Azzolini , Fabrizio Riguzzi

Propositional Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a popular formalism for specifying desirable requirements and security and privacy policies for software, networks, and systems. Yet expressing such requirements and policies in LTL remains…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Priscilla Kyei Danso , Mohammad Saqib Hasan , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Omar Chowdhury

We consider the setting of stochastic multiagent systems modelled as stochastic multiplayer games and formulate an automated verification framework for quantifying and reasoning about agents' trust. To capture human trust, we work with a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Xiaowei Huang , Marta Kwiatkowska , Maciej Olejnik

Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) is a well-known modal logic which has become a standard for expressing temporal properties of finite-state Markov chains in the context of automated model checking. In this paper, we give a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-02-22 Federico Ramponi , Debasish Chatterjee , Sean Summers , John Lygeros

I introduce PEDAL -- a probabilistic epistemic logic meant to capture, in propositional dynamic terms, the epistemic state of an agent engaged in checking whether a program meets its specification. Semantically, PEDAL is built `on top of'…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Shay Allen Logan

Standpoint linear temporal logic ($SLTL$) is a recently introduced extension of classical linear temporal logic ($LTL$) with standpoint modalities. Intuitively, these modalities allow to express that, from agent $a$'s standpoint, it is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Rajab Aghamov , Christel Baier , Toghrul Karimov , Rupak Majumdar , Joël Ouaknine , Jakob Piribauer , Timm Spork

This paper proposes Proximal Policy Optimization with Linear Temporal Logic Constraints (PPO-LTL), a framework that integrates safety constraints written in LTL into PPO for safe reinforcement learning. LTL constraints offer rigorous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maifang Zhang , Hang Yu , Qian Zuo , Cheng Wang , Vaishak Belle , Fengxiang He

We present a probabilistic extension of the description logic $\mathcal{ALC}$ for reasoning about statistical knowledge. We consider conditional statements over proportions of the domain and are interested in the probabilistic-logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Rafael Peñaloza , Nico Potyka