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Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous success in following user instructions and generating helpful responses. Nevertheless, their robustness is still far from optimal, as they may generate significantly inconsistent responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yukun Zhao , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Guoliang Xing , Shuaiqiang Wang , Chong Meng , Zhicong Cheng , Zhaochun Ren , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly vulnerable to input perturbations, as even a small prompt change may result in a substantially different output. Existing methods to enhance LLM robustness are primarily focused on perturbed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aryan Agrawal , Lisa Alazraki , Shahin Honarvar , Marek Rei

Large Language Models possess skills such as answering questions, writing essays or solving programming exercises. Since these models are easily accessible, researchers have investigated their capabilities and risks for programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lianne Roest , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the natural language processing landscape and brought to life diverse applications. Pretraining on vast web-scale data has laid the foundation for these models, yet the research community is now…

Pre-training language models (LMs) on large-scale unlabeled text data makes the model much easier to achieve exceptional downstream performance than their counterparts directly trained on the downstream tasks. In this work, we study what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Recent advancements highlight the success of instruction tuning with large language models (LLMs) utilizing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data for mathematical reasoning tasks. Despite the fine-tuned LLMs, challenges persist, such as incorrect,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yongwei Zhou , Tiejun Zhao

Continual pre-training has increasingly become the predominant approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new domains. This process involves updating the pre-trained LLM with a corpus from a new domain, resulting in a shift in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yiduo Guo , Jie Fu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Yikang Shen

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various benchmark tasks. While providing instructions to LLMs for guiding their generations is user-friendly, assessing their instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rem Hida , Junki Ohmura , Toshiyuki Sekiya

Large language models (LLMs) consistently benefit from further fine-tuning on various tasks. However, we observe that directly tuning the Instruct (i.e., instruction-tuned) models often leads to marginal improvements and even performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiqiang Wu , Runming Yang , Jiayi Li , Pengfei Hu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang

Instruction tuning is critical to large language models (LLMs) for achieving better instruction following and task adaptation capabilities but its success heavily relies on the training data quality. Many recent methods focus on improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Lichang Chen , Jiuhai Chen , Shwai He , Jiuxiang Gu , Tianyi Zhou

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to execute complex instructions is essential for their real-world applications. However, several recent studies indicate that LLMs struggle with challenging instructions. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Julian Katz-Samuels , Zheng Li , Hyokun Yun , Priyanka Nigam , Yi Xu , Vaclav Petricek , Bing Yin , Trishul Chilimbi

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge intensive NLP tasks, such as answering "Who won the latest World Cup?" because the knowledge they learn during training may be insufficient or outdated. Conditioning generation on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Matthew Finlayson , Ilia Kulikov , Daniel M. Bikel , Barlas Oguz , Xilun Chen , Aasish Pappu

Large language models (LLMs) may exhibit unintended or undesirable behaviors. Recent works have concentrated on aligning LLMs to mitigate harmful outputs. Despite these efforts, some anomalies indicate that even a well-conducted alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jiaming Ji , Kaile Wang , Tianyi Qiu , Boyuan Chen , Jiayi Zhou , Changye Li , Hantao Lou , Juntao Dai , Yunhuai Liu , Yaodong Yang

Large Language Models are traditionally finetuned on large instruction datasets. However recent studies suggest that small, high-quality datasets can suffice for general purpose instruction following. This lack of consensus surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Aditi Jha , Sam Havens , Jeremy Dohmann , Alex Trott , Jacob Portes

Quality pretraining data is often seen as the key to high-performance language models. However, progress in understanding pretraining data has been slow due to the costly pretraining runs required for data selection experiments. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Tristan Thrush , Christopher Potts , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Instruction tuning has been widely adopted to ensure large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions effectively. The resulting instruction-following capabilities of LLMs heavily rely on the instruction datasets used for tuning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

While large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive instruction-following capabilities, it is still unclear whether and to what extent they can respond to explicit constraints that might be entailed in various instructions. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yihan Chen , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yi Liu , Zhendong Mao

Although large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in NLP significantly, deploying them for downstream applications is still challenging due to cost, responsiveness, control, or concerns around privacy and security. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Dong-Ho Lee , Jay Pujara , Mohit Sewak , Ryen W. White , Sujay Kumar Jauhar