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Code translation aims to convert a program from one programming language (PL) to another. This long-standing software engineering task is crucial for modernizing legacy systems, ensuring cross-platform compatibility, enhancing performance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Marcos Macedo , Yuan Tian , Pengyu Nie , Filipe R. Cogo , Bram Adams

Code translation tools (transpilers) are developed for automatic source-to-source translation. Although learning-based transpilers have shown impressive enhancement against rule-based counterparts, owing to their task-specific pre-training…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zhen Yang , Fang Liu , Zhongxing Yu , Jacky Wai Keung , Jia Li , Shuo Liu , Yifan Hong , Xiaoxue Ma , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

Although large language models (LLMs) show promising potential in code translation, they still struggle to generate accurate translations using the commonly adopted direct code-to-code translation approach, which converts an original…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Songqiang Chen , Congying Xu , Jingyi Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit state-of-the-art performance in various tasks, recent studies have revealed their struggle for code translation. This is because they haven't been extensively pre-trained with parallel multilingual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Qingxiao Tao , Tingrui Yu , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

Code translation aims to convert source code from one programming language (PL) to another. Given the promising abilities of large language models (LLMs) in code synthesis, researchers are exploring their potential to automate code…

Repository-level code translation refers to translating an entire code repository from one programming language to another while preserving the functionality of the source repository. Many benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yanli Wang , Yanlin Wang , Suiquan Wang , Daya Guo , Jiachi Chen , John Grundy , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Mingzhi Mao , Hongyu Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in code translation due to their ability to generate idiomatic code. However, a significant limitation when using LLMs for code translation is scalability: existing works have shown a drop in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Hanliang Zhang , Cristina David , Meng Wang , Brandon Paulsen , Daniel Kroening

In this paper, we present an LLM-based code translation method and an associated tool called CoTran, that translates whole-programs from one high-level programming language to another. Existing LLM-based code translation methods lack…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Prithwish Jana , Piyush Jha , Haoyang Ju , Gautham Kishore , Aryan Mahajan , Vijay Ganesh

Code translation aims to transform code between programming languages while preserving functionality, with applications in cross-platform development and software migration. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Li Xin-Ye , Du Ya-Li , Li Ming

Recent code translation techniques exploit neural machine translation models to translate source code from one programming language to another to satisfy production compatibility or to improve efficiency of codebase maintenance. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Weixiang Yan , Yuchen Tian , Yunzhe Li , Qian Chen , Wen Wang

Most repository-level code translation and validation techniques have been evaluated on a single source-target programming language (PL) pair, owing to the complex engineering effort required to adapt new PL pairs. Programming agents can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ali Reza Ibrahimzada , Brandon Paulsen , Daniel Kroening , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Decompilation is foundational to binary analysis, yet conventional tools prioritize human readability over strict recompilability and verifiable runtime correctness. While recent LLM-based approaches attempt to refine decompiled pseudocode,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yuxin Cui , Zeyu Gao , Shuxian He , Siliang Qin , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied across various domains, including code-related tasks such as code translation. Previous studies have explored using LLMs for translating code between different programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Soumit Kanti Saha , Fazle Rabbi , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

Repository-aware code translation is critical for modernizing legacy systems, enhancing maintainability, and enabling interoperability across diverse programming languages. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have improved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ziqi Guan , Xin Yin , Zhiyuan Peng , Chao Ni

Code translation is a crucial task in software development and maintenance. While recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have improved automated code translation accuracy, these gains often come at the cost of increased…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yanlin Wang , Rongyi Ou , Yanli Wang , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Ensheng Shi , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Zibin Zheng

Translating programs between various parallel programming languages is an important problem in the high-performance computing (HPC) community. Existing tools for this problem are either too narrow in scope and/or outdated. Recent explosive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tomer Bitan , Tal Kadosh , Erel Kaplan , Shira Meiri , Le Chen , Peter Morales , Niranjan Hasabnis , Gal Oren

Code translation, the automatic conversion of programs between languages, is a growing use case for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, direct one-shot translation often fails to preserve program intent, leading to errors in control…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shahriar Rumi Dipto , Saikat Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy

Code translation across multiple programming languages is essential yet challenging due to two vital obstacles: scarcity of parallel data paired with executable test oracles, and optimization imbalance when handling diverse language pairs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yuhan Wu , Huan Zhang , Wei Cheng , Chen Shen , Jingyue Yang , Wei Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in automated code translation. While prior work has focused on improving translation accuracy through advanced prompting and iterative repair, the reliability of the underlying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fazle Rabbi , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have behaved well in function-level code translation without repository-level context. However, the performance of LLMs in repository-level context code translation remains suboptimal due to complex dependencies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Guangsheng Ou , Mingwei Liu , Yuxuan Chen , Xueying Du , Shengbo Wang , Zekai Zhang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng
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