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The present study explores the interpretability of latent spaces produced by time series foundation models, focusing on their potential for visual analysis tasks. Specifically, we evaluate the MOMENT family of models, a set of…

Time series foundation models are pre-trained on large datasets and are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in diverse tasks. However, to date, there has been limited work demonstrating how well these models perform in medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Mingzhu Liu , Angela H. Chen , George H. Chen

Multimodal foundation models offer promising advancements for enhancing driving perception systems, but their high computational and financial costs pose challenges. We develop a method that leverages foundation models to refine predictions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yunhao Yang , Yuxin Hu , Mao Ye , Zaiwei Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Yi Xu , Ufuk Topcu , Ben Snyder

Scaling laws motivate the development of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) that pre-train vast parameters and achieve remarkable zero-shot forecasting performance. Surprisingly, even after fine-tuning, TSFMs cannot consistently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lifan Zhao , Yanyan Shen , Zhaoyang Liu , Xue Wang , Jiaji Deng

The recent development of foundation models for time series data has generated considerable interest in using such models across a variety of applications. Although foundation models achieve state-of-the-art predictive performance, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Coen Adler , Yuxin Chang , Felix Draxler , Samar Abdi , Padhraic Smyth

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have become increasingly popular for zero-shot forecasting. However, for a new time series domain not fully covered by the pretraining set, performance can suffer. Therefore, when a practitioner cares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Thomas L. Lee , Edoardo M. Ponti , Amos Storkey

The recent breakthrough of Transformers in deep learning has drawn significant attention of the time series community due to their ability to capture long-range dependencies. However, like other deep learning models, Transformers face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Subina Khanal , Seshu Tirupathi , Giulio Zizzo , Ambrish Rawat , Torben Bach Pedersen

Foundation models have emerged as a powerful tool for many AI problems. Despite the tremendous success of foundation models, effective adaptation to new tasks, particularly those with limited labels, remains an open question and lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Zhuoyan Xu , Zhenmei Shi , Junyi Wei , Fangzhou Mu , Yin Li , Yingyu Liang

Existing data-driven approaches in modeling and predicting time series data include ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), Transformer-based models, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network). These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Saroj Gopali , Bipin Chhetri , Deepika Giri , Sima Siami-Namini , Akbar Siami Namin

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

We present TimeFound, an encoder-decoder transformer-based time series foundation model for out-of-the-box zero-shot forecasting. To handle time series data from various domains, TimeFound employs a multi-resolution patching strategy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Congxi Xiao , Jingbo Zhou , Yixiong Xiao , Xinjiang Lu , Le Zhang , Hui Xiong

Driven by the transition towards a climate-neutral energy system, accurate energy time series forecasting is critical for planning and operation. Yet, it remains largely a dataset-specific task, requiring comprehensive training data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Marco Obermeier , Marco Pruckner , Florian Haselbeck , Andreas Zeiselmair

The underperformance of existing multimodal large language models for time series reasoning lies in the absence of rationale priors that connect temporal observations to their downstream outcomes, which leads models to rely on superficial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Qingxiang Liu , Zhiqing Cui , Xiaoliang Luo , Yuqian Wu , Zhuoyang Jiang , Huaiyu Wan , Sheng Sun , Lvchun Wang , Wei Yu , Yuxuan Liang

Recent advances in text-to-video diffusion models have enabled high-quality video synthesis, but controllable generation remains challenging, particularly under limited data and compute. Existing fine-tuning methods for conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kinam Kim , Junha Hyung , Jaegul Choo

Time series foundation models provide a universal solution for generating forecasts to support optimization problems in energy systems. Those foundation models are typically trained in a prediction-focused manner to maximize forecast…

Time-series forecasting is important for many applications. Forecasting models are usually trained using time-series data in a specific target task. However, sufficient data in the target task might be unavailable, which leads to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-01 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Time series forecasting poses significant challenges in non-stationary environments where underlying patterns evolve over time. In this work, we propose a novel framework that enhances deep neural network (DNN) performance by leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Amal Saadallah , Abdulaziz Al-Ademi

Non-stationary sequences arise naturally in control, forecasting, and decision-making. The data-generating process shifts at unknown times, and models must detect the change, discard or downweight obsolete evidence, and adapt to new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Carson Dudley , Yutong Bi , Xiaofeng Liu , Samet Oymak

We introduce LatentTimePFN (LaT-PFN), a foundational Time Series model with a strong embedding space that enables zero-shot forecasting. To achieve this, we perform in-context learning in latent space utilizing a novel integration of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Stijn Verdenius , Andrea Zerio , Roy L. M. Wang

Unlike natural language processing and computer vision, the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for time series forecasting is blocked due to data scarcity. While recent efforts are focused on building such FMs by unlocking the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiang Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang