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Large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) networks enable intelligent services such as smart cities and autonomous driving, but often face resource constraints. Collecting heterogeneous sensory data, especially in small-scale datasets, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haihui Xie , Wenkun Wen , Shuwu Chen , Zhaogang Shu , Minghua Xia

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT), a large amount of data will be generated every day. Due to privacy and security issues, it is difficult to collect all these data together to train deep learning models, thus the federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Jianjun Huang , Lixin Ye , Li Kang

Federated Learning (FL) enables training Artificial Intelligence (AI) models over end devices without compromising their privacy. As computing tasks are increasingly performed by a combination of cloud, edge, and end devices, FL can benefit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhiyuan Wu , Sheng Sun , Yuwei Wang , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Quyang Pan , Tianliu He , Xuefeng Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) is a suitable solution for making use of sensitive data belonging to patients, people, companies, or industries that are obligatory to work under rigid privacy constraints. FL mainly or partially supports data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-30 Alper Emin Cetinkaya , Murat Akin , Seref Sagiroglu

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a fundamental learning paradigm to harness massive data scattered at geo-distributed edge devices in a privacy-preserving way. Given the heterogeneous deployment of edge devices, however, their data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Mulei Ma , Chenyu Gong , Liekang Zeng , Yang Yang , Liantao Wu

In the context of the growing proliferation of user devices and the concurrent surge in data volumes, the complexities arising from the substantial increase in data have posed formidable challenges to conventional machine learning model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Eyad Gad , Zubair Md Fadlullah , Mostafa M. Fouda

The Web is naturally heterogeneous with user devices, geographic regions, browsing patterns, and contexts all leading to highly diverse, unique datasets. Federated Learning (FL) is an important paradigm for the Web because it enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Abdulrahman Alotaibi , Irene Tenison , Miriam Kim , Isaac Lee , Lalana Kagal

The future of machine learning lies in moving data collection along with training to the edge. Federated Learning, for short FL, has been recently proposed to achieve this goal. The principle of this approach is to aggregate models learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Adnan Ben Mansour , Gaia Carenini , Alexandre Duplessis

Federated Averaging remains the most widely used aggregation strategy in federated learning due to its simplicity and scalability. However, its performance degrades significantly in non-IID data settings, where client distributions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Marco Arazzi , Mert Cihangiroglu , Antonino Nocera

Federated learning (FL) enables on-device training over distributed networks consisting of a massive amount of modern smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. However, the leading optimization algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed Machine Learning (ML) framework that is capable of training a new global model by aggregating clients' locally trained models without sharing users' original data. Federated learning as a service…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Wentao Gao , Omid Tavallaie , Shuaijun Chen , Albert Zomaya

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for distributed learning when data is private and sensitive. However, the state-of-the-art solutions in this framework are not optimal when data is heterogeneous and non-Independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Martin Isaksson , Edvin Listo Zec , Rickard Cöster , Daniel Gillblad , Šarūnas Girdzijauskas

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving paradigm for collaboratively training a global model from decentralized clients. However, the performance of FL is hindered by non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Xinyu Zhang , Weiyu Sun , Ying Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a recent development in distributed machine learning that collaboratively trains models without training data leaving client devices, preserving data privacy. In real-world FL, the training set is distributed over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jed Mills , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Rui Jin , Siwei Zheng , Jin Wang

Mobile devices, including smartphones and laptops, generate decentralized and heterogeneous data, presenting significant challenges for traditional centralized machine learning models due to substantial communication costs and privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Mayank Kumar Kundalwal , Anurag Saraswat , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra

Along with the popularity of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet-of-Things (IoT), Federated Learning (FL) has attracted steadily increasing attentions as a promising distributed machine learning paradigm, which enables the training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhiwei Ling , Zhihao Yue , Jun Xia , Ming Hu , Ting Wang , Mingsong Chen

Federated Learning (FL) has gained significant attention as it facilitates collaborative machine learning among multiple clients without centralizing their data on a server. FL ensures the privacy of participating clients by locally storing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Huiqiang Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Wei Zhao

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

As the number of sensors becomes massive in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the amount of data is humongous. To process data in real-time while protecting user privacy, federated learning (FL) has been regarded as an enabling technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jianyang Ren , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Gaofeng Nie

Federated learning (FL) is a promising strategy for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a network of clients (i.e., edge devices). However, the data distribution among clients is often non-IID in nature, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Matias Mendieta , Taojiannan Yang , Pu Wang , Minwoo Lee , Zhengming Ding , Chen Chen