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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for applications like recommendation systems and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) but is highly I/O-intensive and memory-demanding. CPUs face I/O bottlenecks, while GPUs are…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Mingkai Chen , Tianhua Han , Cheng Liu , Shengwen Liang , Kuai Yu , Lei Dai , Ziming Yuan , Ying Wang , Lei Zhang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has emerged as a crucial component of database and AI infrastructure. Ever-increasing vector datasets pose significant challenges in terms of performance, cost, and accuracy for ANNS services. None…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bing Tian , Haikun Liu , Yuhang Tang , Shihai Xiao , Zhuohui Duan , Xiaofei Liao , Xuecang Zhang , Junhua Zhu , Yu Zhang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental operation in vector databases, enabling efficient similarity search in high-dimensional spaces. While dense ANNS has been optimized using specialized hardware accelerators, sparse…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tianqi Zhang , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a cornerstone algorithm for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and machine learning applications. While x86-based architectures have historically dominated this domain, the…

Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search (ANNS) is a subroutine in algorithms routinely employed in information retrieval, pattern recognition, data mining, image processing, and beyond. Recent works have established that graph-based ANNS…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Karthik V. , Saim Khan , Somesh Singh , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Jyothi Vedurada

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has become vital to modern AI infrastructure, particularly in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) applications. Numerous in-browser ANNS engines have emerged to seamlessly integrate with popular…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Mugeng Liu , Siqi Zhong , Qi Yang , Yudong Han , Xuanzhe Liu , Yun Ma

In recent years, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has played a pivotal role in modern search and recommendation systems, especially in emerging LLM applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation. There is a growing exploration…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yiping Sun , Yang Shi , Jiaolong Du

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao

With the advancement of information retrieval, recommendation systems, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) gains widespread applications due to its higher performance and accuracy. While…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Xiao , Mo Sun , Ziyu Song , Bing Tian , Jie Zhang , Jie Sun , Zeke Wang

Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is widely adopted in numerous applications, such as recommendation systems, natural language processing, and computer vision. While recent works on GPU-based acceleration have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sukjin Kim , Seongyeon Park , Si Ung Noh , Junguk Hong , Taehee Kwon , Hunseong Lim , Jinho Lee

Approximate Nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is fundamental and essential operation in applications from many domains, such as databases, machine learning, multimedia, and computer vision. Although many algorithms have been continuously…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Wen Li , Ying Zhang , Yifang Sun , Wei Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Approximate nearest-neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms are a key part of the modern deep learning stack due to enabling efficient similarity search over high-dimensional vector space representations (i.e., embeddings) of data. Among various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Zheqi Shen , Guy E. Blelloch , Laxman Dhulipala , Yan Gu , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Yihan Sun

We present the first systematic investigation of graph reordering effects for graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on a GPU. While graph-based ANNS has become the dominant paradigm for modern AI applications, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yutaro Oguri , Mai Nishimura , Yusuke Matsui

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS), as the core of vector databases (VectorDBs), has become widely used in modern AI and ML systems, powering applications from information retrieval to bio-informatics. While graph-based ANNS methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dingyi Kang , Dongming Jiang , Hanshen Yang , Hang Liu , Bingzhe Li

Filtered approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) restricts the search to data objects whose attributes satisfy a given filter and retrieves the top-$K$ objects that are most semantically similar to the query object. Many graph-based ANNS…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tianming Wu , Dixin Tang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has become fundamental to modern deep learning applications, having gained particular prominence through its integration into recent generative models that work with increasingly complex datasets…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuntao Gui , Peiqi Yin , Xiao Yan , Chaorui Zhang , Weixi Zhang , James Cheng

The increase in the dimensionality of neural embedding models has enhanced the accuracy of semantic search capabilities but also amplified the computational demands for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Searches (ANNS). This complexity poses…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jingjia Luo , Mingxing Zhang , Kang Chen , Xia Liao , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Yongwei Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) face an inherent challenge: their knowledge is confined to the data that they have been trained on. To overcome this issue, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) complements the static training-derived knowledge…

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