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We study the properties of error correcting codes for noise models in the presence of asymmetries and/or correlations by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy. First, we consider a dephasing Markovian memory channel and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 C. Cafaro , S. L'Innocente , C. Lupo , S. Mancini

We consider realistic, multi-parameter error models and investigate the performance of the surface code for three possible fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computer architectures. We map amplitude and phase damping to a diagonal Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-21 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , Michael R. Geller

We study the effect of continuous quantum error correction in the case where each qubit in a codeword is subject to a general Hamiltonian interaction with an independent bath. We first consider the scheme in the case of a trivial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-24 Ognyan Oreshkov , Todd A. Brun

Quantum error correction works effectively only if the error rate of gate operations is sufficiently low. However, some rare physical mechanisms can cause a temporary increase in the error rate that affects many qubits; examples include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-28 Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Christopher A. Pattison , Matt McEwen , John Preskill

As quantum computing hardware steadily increases in qubit count and quality, one important question is how to allocate these resources to mitigate the effects of hardware noise. In a transitional era between noisy small-scale and fully…

Noise on quantum devices is much more complex than it is commonly given credit. Far from usual models of decoherence, nearly all quantum devices are plagued both by a continuum of environments and temporal instabilities. These induce noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Gregory A. L. White , Petar Jurcevic , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

Realistic multi-qubit noise processes often result in error mechanisms that are not captured by the probabilistic, Markovian error models commonly employed in circuit-level analyses of quantum fault-tolerance. By working within an…

The presence of noise is currently one of the main obstacles to achieving large-scale quantum computation. Strategies to characterise and understand noise processes in quantum hardware are a critical part of mitigating it, especially as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Emilio Onorati , Tamara Kohler , Toby S. Cubitt

Noise is both ubiquitous and generally deleterious in settings where precision is required. This is especially true in the quantum technology sector where system utility typically decays rapidly under its influence. Understanding the noise…

We measure and quantify non-Markovian effects in IBM's Quantum Experience. Specifically, we analyze the temporal correlations in a sequence of gates by characterizing the performance of a gate conditioned on the gate that preceded it. With…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Joshua Morris , Felix A. Pollock , Kavan Modi

The surface code is a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation, achieving a high threshold error rate with nearest-neighbor gates in two spatial dimensions. Here, through a series of numerical simulations, we investigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-18 Ashley M. Stephens

Characterizing temporally correlated (``non-Markovian'') noise is a key prerequisite for achieving noise-tailored error mitigation and optimal device performance. Quantum noise spectroscopy can afford quantitative estimation of the noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Muhammad Qasim Khan , Wenzheng Dong , Leigh M. Norris , Lorenza Viola

Correlated noise across multiple qubits poses a significant challenge for achieving scalable and fault-tolerant quantum processors. Despite recent experimental efforts to quantify this noise in various qubit architectures, a comprehensive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Ji Zou , Stefano Bosco , Daniel Loss

We investigate the dynamics of quantum correlations (QC) under the effects of reservoir memory, as a resource for quantum information and computation tasks. Quantum correlations of two-qubit systems are used for implementing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-17 K. G Paulson , Ekta Panwar , Subhashish Banerjee , R. Srikanth

Quantum error mitigation(QEM), an error suppression strategy without the need for additional ancilla qubits for noisy intermediate-scale quantum~(NISQ) devices, presents a promising avenue for realizing quantum speedups of quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Ke Wang , Xiantao Li

We study how the resilience of the surface code is affected by the coupling to a non-Markovian environment at zero temperature. The qubits in the surface code experience an effective dynamics due to the coupling to the environment that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Pejman Jouzdani , Eduardo R. Mucciolo

Non-Markovian noise, arising from environmental memory effects, is the most general and challenging form of noise in quantum computing, and is typically difficult to characterize and suppress. Here, we analyze and experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Hongfeng Liu , Zizhao Han , Xinfang Nie , Zhenhuan Liu , Dawei Lu

Reducing the impact of errors and decoherence in near-term quantum computers, such as noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is critical for their practical implementation. These factors significantly limit the applicability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-03 Doyeol Ahn , Byeongyong Park

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has the potential of providing a useful quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The effects of uncorrelated noise on variational quantum algorithms such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Joris Kattemölle , Guido Burkard

In non-Markovian systems, the current state of the system depends on the full or partial history of its past evolution. Owing to these time correlations, non-Markovian noise violates common assumptions in gate characterization protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 Srilekha Gandhari , Michael J. Gullans