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To study the possibility of a fluid-fluid phase transition, we analyze a three-dimensional soft-core isotropic potential for a one-component system. We utilize two independent numerical approaches, (i) integral equation in the…
Lattice QCD calculations have shown that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons is a rapid crossover at $T = 155-160$ MeV at vanishing chemical potential. Many model calculations show that the transition is first-order at…
The method to calculate the grand partition function of a particle system, in which constituents interact with each other via potential, that include repulsive and attractive components, is proposed. The cell model, which was introduced to…
We numerically construct a family of five-dimensional black holes exhibiting a line of first-order phase transitions terminating at a critical point at finite chemical potential and temperature. These black holes are constructed so that the…
A semi-grand-canonical Monte Carlo algorithm is employed in conjunction with the bond fluctuation model to investigate the critical properties of an asymmetric binary (AB) polymer mixture. By applying the equal peak-weight criterion to the…
A method of obtaining the critical temperature from within a supercritical mesophase bounded by percolation transition loci is described. We report thermodynamic pressures from MD simulations for more than 2000 state points along 7…
Under the conditions of superfluid-Mott-insulator criticality in two dimensions, the trapping centers--i.e., local potential wells and bumps--are generically characterized by an integer charge corresponding to the number of trapped…
We use numerical simulation to examine the possibility of a reversible liquid-liquid transition in supercooled water and related systems. In particular, for two atomistic models of water, we have computed free energies as functions of…
The phase behavior of a cross-linked polymer blend made of two incompatible species, $A$ and $B$, of different chemical nature is analyzed. Besides a homogeneous phase, this system also exhibits two microphases and a phase of total…
A transition state for a Hamiltonian system is a closed, invariant, oriented, codimension-2 submanifold of an energy-level that can be spanned by two compact codimension-1 surfaces of unidirectional flux whose union, called a dividing…
We study the two-dimensional critical Ising model on a M\"obius strip based on a duality relation between conformally invariant boundary conditions. By using a Majorana fermion field theory, we obtain explicit representations of crosscap…
Filling factor $\nu=1$ bilayer electron systems in the quantum Hall regime have an excitonic-condensate superfluid ground state when the layer separation $d$ is less than a critical value $d_c$. On a quantum Hall plateau current injected…
Since their discovery in 1822, supercritical fluids have been of enduring interest, and have started to be deployed in many important applications. Theoretical understanding of the supercritical state is lacking, and is seen to limit…
We generalize the scaling theory of heavy fermions for the case the shift exponent describing the critical Neel line is different from the crossover exponent characterizing the coherence line. We obtain the properties of the non-Fermi…
A model of superconductivity is proposed taking into account repulsive particle interaction, mesoscopic phase separation and softening of crystalline lattice. These features are typical of many high-temperature superconductors. The main…
We describe a numerical method for simulating stochastic fluid dynamics near a critical point in the Ising universality class. This theory is known as model H, and is expected to govern the non-equilibrium dynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics…
We use computer simulations to investigate the extended phase diagram of a supercooled liquid linearly coupled to a quenched reference configuration. An extensive finite-size scaling analysis demonstrates the existence of a random-field…
It is difficult to derive the solid--fluid transition from microscopic models. We introduce particle systems whose potentials do not decay with distance and calculate their partition function exactly using a method similar to that for…
We consider the steady-state nonequilibrium behavior of mesoscopic superconducting wires connected to normal-metal reservoirs. Going beyond the diffusive limit, we utilize the quasiclassical theory and perform a self-consistent calculation…
Driven by fundamental thermodynamic efficiency considerations, an emerging trend in the energy and propulsion systems is that the working fluid operates at a pressure above the critical pressure. Energy transport is thus accompanied by…