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Value-aware AI should recognise human values and adapt to the value systems (value-based preferences) of different users. This requires operationalization of values, which can be prone to misspecification. The social nature of values…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Andrés Holgado-Sánchez , Peter Vamplew , Richard Dazeley , Sascha Ossowski , Holger Billhardt

Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire extensive knowledge and remarkable abilities from extensive text corpora, making them powerful tools for various applications. To make LLMs more usable, aligning them with human preferences is essential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Mozhi Zhang , Pengyu Wang , Chenkun Tan , Mianqiu Huang , Dong Zhang , Yaqian Zhou , Xipeng Qiu

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is the generalization of standard reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to solve sequential decision making problems that consist of several, possibly conflicting, objectives. Generally, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Xi Chen , Ali Ghadirzadeh , Mårten Björkman , Patric Jensfelt

If an AI system makes decisions over time, how should we evaluate how aligned it is with a group of stakeholders (who may have conflicting values and preferences)? In this position paper, we advocate for consideration of temporal aspects…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Toryn Q. Klassen , Parand A. Alamdari , Sheila A. McIlraith

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned with human values using preference data or predefined principles such as helpfulness, honesty, and harmlessness. However, as AI systems progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Panatchakorn Anantaprayoon , Nataliia Babina , Jad Tarifi , Nima Asgharbeygi

Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) presents significant challenges and opportunities for optimizing multiple objectives in Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduce a MORL taxonomy and examine the advantages and limitations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is increasingly relevant due to its resemblance to real-world scenarios requiring trade-offs between multiple objectives. Catering to diverse user preferences, traditional reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Junlin Lu , Patrick Mannion , Karl Mason

AI alignment, the challenge of ensuring AI systems act in accordance with human values, has emerged as a critical problem in the development of systems such as foundation models and recommender systems. Still, the current dominant approach,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Benjamin Heymann

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) alignment aims to investigate whether AI technologies align with human interests and values and function in a safe and ethical manner. AI alignment is particularly relevant for large language models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Existing AI alignment approaches assume that preferences are static, which is unrealistic: our preferences change, and may even be influenced by our interactions with AI systems themselves. To clarify the consequences of incorrectly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Micah Carroll , Davis Foote , Anand Siththaranjan , Stuart Russell , Anca Dragan

Many sequential decision-making tasks involve optimizing multiple conflicting objectives, requiring policies that adapt to different user preferences. In multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL), one widely studied approach} addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ying-Tu Chen , Wei Hung , Bing-Shu Wu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Ping-Chun Hsieh

Multi-Objective Alignment aims to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse and often conflicting human values by optimizing multiple objectives simultaneously. Existing methods predominantly rely on static preference weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenzhe Xu , Biao Liu , Yiyang Sun , Xin Geng , Ning Xu

As AI adoption expands across human society, the problem of aligning AI models to match human preferences remains a grand challenge. Currently, the AI alignment field is deeply divided between behavioral and representational approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ben Y. Reis , William La Cava

Human preference alignment is essential to improve the interaction quality of large language models (LLMs). Existing alignment methods depend on manually annotated preference data to guide the LLM optimization directions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pengyu Cheng , Yifan Yang , Jian Li , Yong Dai , Tianhao Hu , Peixin Cao , Nan Du , Xiaolong Li

Ensuring Large Language Models (LLMs) align with diverse human preferences while preserving privacy and fairness remains a challenge. Existing methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), rely on centralized data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Mahmoud Srewa , Tianyu Zhao , Salma Elmalaki

Humanoid robots often need to balance competing objectives, such as maximizing speed while minimizing energy consumption. While current reinforcement learning (RL) methods can master complex skills like fall recovery and perceptive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Huanyu Li , Dewei Wang , Xinmiao Wang , Xinzhe Liu , Peng Liu , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

Post-training of LLMs with RLHF, and subsequently preference optimization algorithms such as DPO, IPO, etc., made a big difference in improving human alignment. However, all such techniques can only work with a single (human) objective. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) is effective for multi-echelon combinatorial supply chain optimisation, where tasks involve high dimensionality, uncertainty, and competing objectives. However, its deployment in dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Rifny Rachman , Josh Tingey , Richard Allmendinger , Wei Pan , Pradyumn Shukla , Bahrul Ilmi Nasution

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

As intelligent systems gain autonomy and capability, it becomes vital to ensure that their objectives match those of their human users; this is known as the value-alignment problem. In robotics, value alignment is key to the design of…