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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in language modelling due to scaling laws found in model size and the hidden dimension of the model's text representation. Yet, we demonstrate that compressed representations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Felix Drinkall , Janet B. Pierrehumbert , Stefan Zohren

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at evaluating machine translation (MT), but their scale and cost hinder deployment on edge devices and in privacy-sensitive workflows. We ask: how small can you get while still detecting meaning-altering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Muskaan Chopra , Lorenz Sparrenberg , Sarthak Khanna , Rafet Sifa

Sentence-level embedding is essential for various tasks that require understanding natural language. Many studies have explored such embeddings for high-resource languages like English. However, low-resource languages like Bengali (a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Md. Mohibur Rahman Nabil , Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Khan

Transformer has been successfully applied to speech separation recently with its strong long-dependency modeling capacity using a self-attention mechanism. However, Transformer tends to have heavy run-time costs due to the deep encoder…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-28 Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Zhuo Chen , Jian Wu , Takuya Yoshioka , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Xiangzhan Yu

Understanding how information propagates through Transformer models is a key challenge for interpretability. In this work, we study the effects of minimal token perturbations on the embedding space. In our experiments, we analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Eddie Conti , Alejandro Astruc , Alvaro Parafita , Axel Brando

We introduce a novel discriminative word alignment model, which we integrate into a Transformer-based machine translation model. In experiments based on a small number of labeled examples (~1.7K-5K sentences) we evaluate its performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Elias Stengel-Eskin , Tzu-Ray Su , Matt Post , Benjamin Van Durme

Current evaluation metrics for language modeling and generation rely heavily on the accuracy of predicted (or generated) words as compared to a reference ground truth. While important, token-level accuracy only captures one aspect of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Shiran Dudy , Steven Bedrick

Recent methods for learning vector space representations of words have succeeded in capturing fine-grained semantic and syntactic regularities using vector arithmetic. However, these vector space representations (created through large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Martin Andrews

The assumption across nearly all language model (LM) tokenization schemes is that tokens should be subwords, i.e., contained within word boundaries. While providing a seemingly reasonable inductive bias, is this common practice limiting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Alisa Liu , Jonathan Hayase , Valentin Hofmann , Sewoong Oh , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

Lexico-semantic networks represent words as nodes and their semantic relatedness as edges. While such networks are traditionally constructed using embeddings from encoder-based models or static vectors, embeddings from decoder-only large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhu Liu , Ying Liu , KangYang Luo , Cunliang Kong , Maosong Sun

The Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated network calls for more robust and secure transmission techniques against jamming. In this paper, we propose a textual semantic transmission framework for robust transmission, which utilizes the advanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Shicong Liu , Zhen Gao , Gaojie Chen , Yu Su , Lu Peng

Error correction code is a major part of the communication physical layer, ensuring the reliable transfer of data over noisy channels. Recently, neural decoders were shown to outperform classical decoding techniques. However, the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

One critical prerequisite for faithful text-to-image generation is the accurate understanding of text inputs. Existing methods leverage the text encoder of the CLIP model to represent input prompts. However, the pre-trained CLIP model can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zhiyu Tan , Mengping Yang , Luozheng Qin , Hao Yang , Ye Qian , Qiang Zhou , Cheng Zhang , Hao Li

Text simplification (TS) is the process of generating easy-to-understand sentences from a given sentence or piece of text. The aim of TS is to reduce both the lexical (which refers to vocabulary complexity and meaning) and syntactic (which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Ciprian-Octavian Truică , Andrei-Ionut Stan , Elena-Simona Apostol

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) often impose limitations on the length of the text input to ensure the generation of fluent and relevant responses. This constraint restricts their applicability in scenarios involving long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Pingyi Zhou , Lu Hou , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

Language models typically tokenize raw text into sequences of subword identifiers from a predefined vocabulary, a process inherently sensitive to typographical errors, length variations, and largely oblivious to the internal structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Yekun Chai , Yewei Fang , Qiwei Peng , Xuhong Li

We explore threshold vocabulary trimming in Byte-Pair Encoding subword tokenization, a postprocessing step that replaces rare subwords with their component subwords. The technique is available in popular tokenization libraries but has not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Marco Cognetta , Tatsuya Hiraoka , Naoaki Okazaki , Rico Sennrich , Yuval Pinter

Sentence compression reduces the length of text by removing non-essential content while preserving important facts and grammaticality. Unsupervised objective driven methods for sentence compression can be used to create customized models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Demian Gholipour Ghalandari , Chris Hokamp , Georgiana Ifrim

A novel logographic subword model is proposed to reinterpret logograms as abstract subwords for neural machine translation. Our approach drastically reduces the size of an artificial neural network, while maintaining comparable BLEU scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Yihao Fang , Rong Zheng , Xiaodan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess outstanding capabilities in addressing various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the sheer size of these models poses challenges in terms of storage, training and inference due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Bolei Ma , Michael Färber