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Interest in reinforcement learning (RL) for large-scale systems, comprising extensive populations of intelligent agents interacting with heterogeneous environments, has surged significantly across diverse scientific domains in recent years.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Wei Zhang , Jr-Shin Li

We study the problem of estimating the effect function for a continuous treatment, which maps each treatment value to a population-averaged outcome. A central challenge in this setting is confounding: treatment assignment often depends on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Seok-Jin Kim , Kaizheng Wang

Random Fourier features is one of the most popular techniques for scaling up kernel methods, such as kernel ridge regression. However, despite impressive empirical results, the statistical properties of random Fourier features are still not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Haim Avron , Michael Kapralov , Cameron Musco , Christopher Musco , Ameya Velingker , Amir Zandieh

Recently, adversarial imitation learning has shown a scalable reward acquisition method for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problems. However, estimated reward signals often become uncertain and fail to train a reliable statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Dong-Sig Han , Hyunseo Kim , Hyundo Lee , Je-Hwan Ryu , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Reward-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework which is suitable for both the batch RL setting and the setting where there are many reward functions of interest. During the exploration phase, an agent collects samples without using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ruosong Wang , Simon S. Du , Lin F. Yang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Behavior Foundation Models (BFMs) are capable of retrieving high-performing policy for any reward function specified directly at test-time, commonly referred to as zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL). While this is a very efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Thomas Rupf , Marco Bagatella , Marin Vlastelica , Andreas Krause

Additive models play an important role in semiparametric statistics. This paper gives learning rates for regularized kernel based methods for additive models. These learning rates compare favourably in particular in high dimensions to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-15 Andreas Christmann , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In reinforcement learning (RL), different reward functions can define the same optimal policy but result in drastically different learning performance. For some, the agent gets stuck with a suboptimal behavior, and for others, it solves the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Grigorii Veviurko , Wendelin Böhmer , Mathijs de Weerdt

In this article, we introduce a kernel-based consensual aggregation method for regression problems. We aim to exibly combine individual regression estimators $r_1, \ldots, r_M$ using a weighted average where the weights are dened based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Sothea Has

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that enables an intelligent agent to learn an optimal policy that maximizes the cumulative rewards in sequential decision making. Most of methods in the existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-06 Chengchun Shi , Zhengling Qi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou

Value approximation using deep neural networks is at the heart of off-policy deep reinforcement learning, and is often the primary module that provides learning signals to the rest of the algorithm. While multi-layer perceptron networks are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Ge Yang , Anurag Ajay , Pulkit Agrawal

We consider learning an unknown target function $f_*$ using kernel ridge regression (KRR) given i.i.d. data $(u_i,y_i)$, $i\leq n$, where $u_i \in U$ is a covariate vector and $y_i = f_* (u_i) +\varepsilon_i \in \mathbb{R}$. A recent string…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-15 Theodor Misiakiewicz , Basil Saeed

We study the use of randomized value functions to guide deep exploration in reinforcement learning. This offers an elegant means for synthesizing statistically and computationally efficient exploration with common practical approaches to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-25 Ian Osband , Benjamin Van Roy , Daniel Russo , Zheng Wen

This paper presents a general framework for exploiting the representational capacity of neural networks to approximate complex, nonlinear reward functions in the context of solving the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-14 Markus Wulfmeier , Peter Ondruska , Ingmar Posner

Reinforcement learning (RL) combines a control problem with statistical estimation: The system dynamics are not known to the agent, but can be learned through experience. A recent line of research casts `RL as inference' and suggests a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Brendan O'Donoghue , Ian Osband , Catalin Ionescu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as automated evaluators that assign numeric scores to model outputs, a paradigm known as LLM-as-a-Judge. However, standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods typically rely on binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yasi Zhang , Tianyu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou , Oscar Leong , Ying Nian Wu , Michal Lukasik

Referring expression counting (REC) is an intention-driven task that requires context-aware visual reasoning. While recent vision-language models incorporate language for visual understanding, most existing REC methods rely on rulebased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hui Liu , Yunlai Teng , Kunlong Bai , Pengfei Qi , Haotian Yan , Liang Li , Junlan Feng

Positive definite operator-valued kernels generalize the well-known notion of reproducing kernels, and are naturally adapted to multi-output learning situations. This paper addresses the problem of learning a finite linear combination of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-06-15 Hachem Kadri , Alain Rakotomamonjy , Francis Bach , Philippe Preux

In learning-to-learn the goal is to infer a learning algorithm that works well on a class of tasks sampled from an unknown meta distribution. In contrast to previous work on batch learning-to-learn, we consider a scenario where tasks are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-23 Giulia Denevi , Carlo Ciliberto , Dimitris Stamos , Massimiliano Pontil

We study feature learning in a compositional variant of kernel ridge regression in which the predictor is applied to a learnable linear transformation of the input. When the response depends on the input only through a low-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Yunlu Chen , Yang Li , Keli Liu , Feng Ruan