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Political campaigns are increasingly turning to digital advertising to reach voters. These platforms empower advertisers to target messages to platform users with great precision, including through inferences about those users' political…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Muhammad Ali , Piotr Sapiezynski , Aleksandra Korolova , Alan Mislove , Aaron Rieke

We study the problem of auditing classifiers with the notion of statistical subgroup fairness. Kearns et al. (2018) has shown that the problem of auditing combinatorial subgroups fairness is as hard as agnostic learning. Essentially all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Daniel Hsu , Jizhou Huang , Brendan Juba

The increasing use of generative AI for resume screening is predicated on the assumption that it offers an unbiased alternative to biased human decision-making. However, this belief fails to address a critical question: are these AI systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Kevin T Webster

Automated gender classification has important applications in many domains, such as demographic research, law enforcement, online advertising, as well as human-computer interaction. Recent research has questioned the fairness of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Anoop Krishnan , Ali Almadan , Ajita Rattani

Auditing involves verifying the proper implementation of a given policy. As such, auditing is essential for ensuring compliance with the principles of fairness, equity, and transparency mandated by the European Union's AI Act. Moreover,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-04 Valentin Lafargue , Emmanuelle Claeys , Jean-Michel Loubes

Existing fair ranking systems, especially those designed to be demographically fair, assume that accurate demographic information about individuals is available to the ranking algorithm. In practice, however, this assumption may not hold --…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Avijit Ghosh , Ritam Dutt , Christo Wilson

Prediction systems are successfully deployed in applications ranging from disease diagnosis, to predicting credit worthiness, to image recognition. Even when the overall accuracy is high, these systems may exhibit systematic biases that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Michael P. Kim , Amirata Ghorbani , James Zou

Social media platforms curate access to information and opportunities, and so play a critical role in shaping public discourse today. The opaque nature of the algorithms these platforms use to curate content raises societal questions. Prior…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Basileal Imana , Aleksandra Korolova , John Heidemann

Data generated by audits of social media websites have formed the basis of our understanding of the biases presented in algorithmic content recommendation systems. As legislators around the world are beginning to consider regulating the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sarmad Chandio , Daniyal Pirwani Dar , Rishab Nithyanand

The rapid deployment of AI systems in high-stakes domains, including those classified as high-risk under the The EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689), has intensified the need for reliable compliance auditing. For binary classifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Valentin Lafargue , Adriana Laurindo Monteiro , Emmanuelle Claeys , Laurent Risser , Jean-Michel Loubes

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly intervening in our lives, raising widespread concern about its unintended and undeclared side effects. These developments have brought attention to the problem of AI auditing: the systematic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sarah H. Cen , Rohan Alur

The increasing integration of machine learning algorithms in daily life underscores the critical need for fairness and equity in their deployment. As these technologies play a pivotal role in decision-making, addressing biases across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Guanyu Hu , Eleni Papadopoulou , Dimitrios Kollias , Paraskevi Tzouveli , Jie Wei , Xinyu Yang

With the rapid advancement of AI, there is a growing trend to integrate AI into decision-making processes. However, AI systems may exhibit biases that lead decision-makers to draw unfair conclusions. Notably, the COMPAS system used in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Chih-Cheng Rex Yuan , Bow-Yaw Wang

Algorithmic auditing has become central to platform accountability under frameworks such as the AI Act and the Digital Services Act. In practice, this obligation is discharged through dedicated Audit APIs. This architecture creates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jade Garcia Bourrée , Erwan Le Merrer , Gilles Tredan , Benoît Rottembourg

This study investigates how high school-aged youth engage in algorithm auditing to identify and understand biases in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools they encounter daily. With AI/ML technologies being increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Luis Morales-Navarro , Michelle Gan , Evelyn Yu , Lauren Vogelstein , Yasmin B. Kafai , Danaé Metaxa

We report on the outcome of an audit of Twitter's Home Timeline ranking system. The goal of the audit was to determine if authors from some racial groups experience systematically higher impression counts for their Tweets than others. A…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Luca Belli , Kyra Yee , Uthaipon Tantipongpipat , Aaron Gonzales , Kristian Lum , Moritz Hardt

Sentiment detection is an important building block for multiple information retrieval tasks such as product recommendation, cyberbullying detection, and misinformation detection. Unsurprisingly, multiple commercial APIs, each with different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Abdulaziz A. Almuzaini , Vivek K. Singh

In this work, we introduce a novel metric for auditing group fairness in ranked lists. Our approach offers two benefits compared to the state of the art. First, we offer a blueprint for modeling of user attention. Rather than assuming a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Piotr Sapiezynski , Wesley Zeng , Ronald E. Robertson , Alan Mislove , Christo Wilson

Conducting disparity assessments at regular time intervals is critical for surfacing potential biases in decision-making and improving outcomes across demographic groups. Because disparity assessments fundamentally depend on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jennah Gosciak , Aparna Balagopalan , Derek Ouyang , Allison Koenecke , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Daniel E. Ho

Does machine learning and AI ensure that social biases thrive ? This paper aims to analyse this issue. Indeed, as algorithms are informed by data, if these are corrupted, from a social bias perspective, good machine learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-03 Bertrand K. Hassani