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Long-term precise timing of Galactic millisecond pulsars holds great promise for measuring the long-period (months-to-years) astrophysical gravitational waves. Several gravitational-wave observational programs, called Pulsar Timing Arrays…
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are searching for nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) through cross-correlation of pulse arrival times from a set of radio pulsars. PTAs have relied upon a frequency-shift formula of the pulse, where…
An isotropic stochastic background of nanohertz gravitational waves creates excess residual power in pulsar-timing-array datasets, with characteristic inter-pulsar correlations described by the Hellings-Downs function. These correlations…
Pulsar Timing Arrays have yet to convincingly observe gravitational waves. Some time ago it was pointed out by one of the authors that a dramatic enhancement of the signal would take place for particular values of the angle subtended by the…
The stochastic signal detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has raised great interest in understanding its physical origin. Assuming the signal is a cosmological gravitational-wave background produced by overly large primordial curvature…
We answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve -- the "smoking-gun" signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from…
The reported evidence for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) from pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations has motivated searches for extrinsic and intrinsic anisotropies. Kinematic anisotropies may arise as a consequence of a…
The detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave signal from the superposition of many inspiraling supermassive black holes with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is likely to occur within the next decade. With this detection will come the…
Pulsar timing arrays (PTA) have the promise to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from sources which are in a unique frequency range of 10^-9 - 10^-6 Hz. This in turn also provides an opportunity to test the theory of general relativity in…
We present a robust approach to incorporating models for the time-variable broadening of the pulse profile due to scattering in the ionized interstellar medium into profile-domain pulsar timing analysis. We use this approach to…
Detection of a gravitational-wave stochastic background via ground or space-based gravitational-wave detectors requires the cross-correlation of the response of two or more independent detectors. The cross-correlation involves a…
Gravitational wave (GW) searches using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are commonly assumed to be limited to a GW frequency of $\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}$Hz given by the Nyquist rate associated with the average observational cadence of $2$ weeks…
As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a…
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are approaching the sensitivity required to resolve gravitational waves (GWs) from individual supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries. However, the large uncertainty in source localization will make the…
Evidence has emerged for a stochastic signal correlated among 67 pulsars within the 15-year pulsar-timing data set compiled by the NANOGrav collaboration. Similar signals have been found in data from the European, Indian, Parkes, and…
Pulsar timing observations are usually analysed with least-square-fitting procedures under the assumption that the timing residuals are uncorrelated (statistically "white"). Pulsar observers are well aware that this assumption often breaks…
The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) network is a collaboration between the five largest radio telescopes in Europe aiming to study the astrophysics of millisecond pulsars and to detect cosmological gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz…
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) will enable the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from a population of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) in the next $\sim 3-7$ years. In addition, PTAs provide a rare opportunity to probe…
Massive black holes are key ingredients of the assembly and evolution of cosmic structures. Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) currently provide the only means to observe gravitational radiation from massive black hole binary systems with masses…
Pulsar timing is a process of iteratively fitting pulse arrival times to constrain the spindown, astrometric, and possibly binary parameters of a pulsar, by enforcing integer numbers of pulsar rotations between the arrival times. Phase…