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Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework in generative modeling, typically relying on optimizing neural networks to estimate the score function via forward SDE simulations. In this work, we propose an alternative method that is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Yuehaw Khoo , Mathias Oster , Yifan Peng

Guided diffusion sampling relies on approximating often intractable likelihood scores, which introduces significant noise into the sampling dynamics. We propose using adaptive moment estimation to stabilize these noisy likelihood scores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Christian Belardi , Justin Lovelace , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Carla P. Gomes

While efficient distribution learning is no doubt behind the groundbreaking success of diffusion modeling, its theoretical guarantees are quite limited. In this paper, we provide the first rigorous analysis on approximation and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-06 Kazusato Oko , Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as a powerful generative modeling framework for discrete data with successful applications spanning from text generation to image synthesis. However, their deployment faces challenges due to the high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yinuo Ren , Haoxuan Chen , Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Yongxin Chen , Grant M. Rotskoff , Molei Tao , Lexing Ying

In Monte-Carlo methods the Markov processes used to sample a given target distribution usually satisfy detailed balance, i.e. they are time-reversible. However, relatively recent results have demonstrated that appropriate reversible and…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-29 Luc Rey-Bellet , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

Part I of this work [2] developed the exact diffusion algorithm to remove the bias that is characteristic of distributed solutions for deterministic optimization problems. The algorithm was shown to be applicable to a larger set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Kun Yuan , Bicheng Ying , Xiaochuan Zhao , Ali H. Sayed

In this paper, we develop a new accelerated stochastic gradient method for efficiently solving the convex regularized empirical risk minimization problem in mini-batch settings. The use of mini-batches is becoming a golden standard in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Tomoya Murata , Taiji Suzuki

There is widespread sentiment that it is not possible to effectively utilize fast gradient methods (e.g. Nesterov's acceleration, conjugate gradient, heavy ball) for the purposes of stochastic optimization due to their instability and error…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-02 Prateek Jain , Sham M. Kakade , Rahul Kidambi , Praneeth Netrapalli , Aaron Sidford

Large denoising diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion, have been trained on billions of image-caption pairs to perform text-conditioned image generation. As a byproduct of this training, these models have acquired general knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Alexandros Graikos , Nebojsa Jojic , Dimitris Samaras

Given a noisy linear measurement $y = Ax + \xi$ of a distribution $p(x)$, and a good approximation to the prior $p(x)$, when can we sample from the posterior $p(x \mid y)$? Posterior sampling provides an accurate and fair framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhiyang Xun , Shivam Gupta , Eric Price

Diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating high-fidelity images but typically suffer from inefficient sampling. Many solver designs and noise scheduling strategies have been proposed to dramatically improve…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-01 Tianrong Chen , Huangjie Zheng , David Berthelot , Jiatao Gu , Josh Susskind , Shuangfei Zhai

We study statistical inference for small-noise-perturbed multiscale dynamical systems under the assumption that we observe a single time series from the slow process only. We construct estimators for both averaging and homogenization…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-13 Siragan Gailus , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

We present a new method for making diffusion models faster to sample. The method distills many-step diffusion models into few-step models by matching conditional expectations of the clean data given noisy data along the sampling trajectory.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Tim Salimans , Thomas Mensink , Jonathan Heek , Emiel Hoogeboom

We provide a general framework for learning diffusion bridges that transport prior to target distributions. It includes existing diffusion models for generative modeling, but also underdamped versions with degenerate diffusion matrices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Denis Blessing , Julius Berner , Lorenz Richter , Gerhard Neumann

We study variance reduction for score estimation and diffusion-based sampling in settings where the clean (target) score is available or can be approximated. Starting from the Target Score Identity (TSI), which expresses the noisy marginal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-26 Alois Duston , Tan Bui-Thanh

Diffusion-based generative models have demonstrated a capacity for perceptually impressive synthesis, but can they also be great likelihood-based models? We answer this in the affirmative, and introduce a family of diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Diederik P. Kingma , Tim Salimans , Ben Poole , Jonathan Ho

We propose score dynamics (SD), a general framework for learning accelerated evolution operators with large timesteps from molecular-dynamics simulations. SD is centered around scores, or derivatives of the transition log-probability with…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Tim Hsu , Babak Sadigh , Vasily Bulatov , Fei Zhou

In this paper, we provide a multiscale perspective on the problem of maximum marginal likelihood estimation. We consider and analyse a diffusion-based maximum marginal likelihood estimation scheme using ideas from multiscale dynamics. Our…

Computation · Statistics 2024-06-11 O. Deniz Akyildiz , Michela Ottobre , Iain Souttar

Diffusion models have recently demonstrated an impressive ability to address inverse problems in an unsupervised manner. While existing methods primarily focus on modifying the posterior sampling process, the potential of the forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Gongye Liu , Haoze Sun , Jiayi Li , Fei Yin , Yujiu Yang

Computational multi-scale methods capitalize on a large time-scale separation to efficiently simulate slow dynamics over long time intervals. For stochastic systems, one often aims at resolving the statistics of the slowest dynamics. This…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Kristian Debrabant , Giovanni Samaey , Przemysław Zieliński