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Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Large language models have emerged as a promising approach towards achieving general-purpose AI agents. The thriving open-source LLM community has greatly accelerated the development of agents that support human-machine dialogue interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenfei Yin , Jiong Wang , Jianjian Cao , Zhelun Shi , Dingning Liu , Mukai Li , Lu Sheng , Lei Bai , Xiaoshui Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Jing Shao , Wanli Ouyang

Advanced end-to-end autonomous driving systems predict other vehicles' motions and plan ego vehicle's trajectory. The world model that can foresee the outcome of the trajectory has been used to evaluate the autonomous driving system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jian Zhu , Zhengyu Jia , Tian Gao , Jiaxin Deng , Shidi Li , Lang Zhang , Fu Liu , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang

Current autonomous driving vehicles rely mainly on their individual sensors to understand surrounding scenes and plan for future trajectories, which can be unreliable when the sensors are malfunctioning or occluded. To address this problem,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hsu-kuang Chiu , Ryo Hachiuma , Chien-Yi Wang , Stephen F. Smith , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Min-Hung Chen

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to redefine transportation by enhancing road safety, minimizing human error, and optimizing traffic efficiency. The success of AVs depends on their ability to interpret complex, dynamic environments…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Abolfazl Zarghani , Amirhossein Ebrahimi , Amir Malekesfandiari

Spatial memory, or the ability to remember and recall specific locations and objects, is central to autonomous agents' ability to carry out tasks in real environments. However, most existing artificial memory modules are not very adept at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Daniel Lenton , Stephen James , Ronald Clark , Andrew J. Davison

Recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across various domains; however, their ability to comprehend driving scenes remains less proven. The complexity of driving scenarios, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Sung-Yeon Park , Can Cui , Yunsheng Ma , Ahmadreza Moradipari , Rohit Gupta , Kyungtae Han , Ziran Wang

The latest advancements in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have spurred a strong renewed interest in end-to-end motion planning approaches for autonomous driving. Many end-to-end approaches rely on human annotations to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yichen Xie , Runsheng Xu , Tong He , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Katie Luo , Jingwei Ji , Hubert Lin , Letian Chen , Yiren Lu , Zhaoqi Leng , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan

This study introduces a novel approach for traffic control systems by using Large Language Models (LLMs) as traffic controllers. The study utilizes their logical reasoning, scene understanding, and decision-making capabilities to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Sari Masri , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Mohammed Elhenawy

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving has attracted significant attention with the hope of improving generalization and explainability. However, existing methods often focus on either driving or vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Katrin Renz , Long Chen , Elahe Arani , Oleg Sinavski

With the surge in the development of large language models, embodied intelligence has attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, prior works on embodied intelligence typically encode scene or historical memory in an unimodal manner,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yang Liu , Xinshuai Song , Kaixuan Jiang , Weixing Chen , Jingzhou Luo , Guanbin Li , Liang Lin

End-to-end autonomous driving requires adaptive and robust handling of complex and diverse traffic environments. However, prevalent single-mode planning methods attempt to learn an overall policy while struggling to acquire diversified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chi Wan , Yixin Cui , Jiatong Du , Shuo Yang , Yulong Bai , Peng Yi , Nan Li , Yanjun Huang

Although significant progress has been made to audio-driven talking face generation, existing methods either neglect facial emotion or cannot be applied to arbitrary subjects. In this paper, we propose the Emotion-Aware Motion Model (EAMM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Xinya Ji , Hang Zhou , Kaisiyuan Wang , Qianyi Wu , Wayne Wu , Feng Xu , Xun Cao

Directly producing planning results from raw sensors has been a long-desired solution for autonomous driving and has attracted increasing attention recently. Most existing end-to-end autonomous driving methods factorize this problem into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Wenzhao Zheng , Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Chenming Zhang , Long Chen

The applications of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in the field of Autonomous Driving (AD) have attracted widespread attention due to their outstanding performance and the ability to leverage Large Language Models (LLMs). By incorporating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xingcheng Zhou , Mingyu Liu , Ekim Yurtsever , Bare Luka Zagar , Walter Zimmer , Hu Cao , Alois C. Knoll

Recent advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promising capabilities in autonomous driving by leveraging the understanding and reasoning strengths of Large Language Models(LLMs).However, our empirical analysis reveals…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihan You , Hongwei Liu , Chenxu Dang , Zhe Wang , Sining Ang , Aoqi Wang , Yan Wang

We present a new interaction mechanism of prediction and planning for end-to-end autonomous driving, called PPAD (Iterative Interaction of Prediction and Planning Autonomous Driving), which considers the timestep-wise interaction to better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zhili Chen , Maosheng Ye , Shuangjie Xu , Tongyi Cao , Qifeng Chen

Recent advances towards End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2E-AD) have been often devoted on integrating modular designs into a unified framework for joint optimization e.g. UniAD, which follow a sequential paradigm (i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haisheng Su , Wei Wu , Feixiang Song , Junjie Zhang , Zhenjie Yang , Junchi Yan

In recent years, large language models have had a very impressive performance, which largely contributed to the development and application of artificial intelligence, and the parameters and performance of the models are still growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Xuran Zheng , Chang D. Yoo

Motion prediction is a crucial task in autonomous driving, and one of its major challenges lands in the multimodality of future behaviors. Many successful works have utilized mixture models which require identification of positive mixture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Longzhong Lin , Xuewu Lin , Tianwei Lin , Lichao Huang , Rong Xiong , Yue Wang