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The $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) algorithm is one of the most popular methods for nonparametric classification. However, a relevant limitation concerns the definition of the number of neighbors $k$. This parameter exerts a direct impact on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Alexandre Luís Magalhães Levada , Frank Nielsen , Michel Ferreira Cardia Haddad

k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) method is a simple and popular statistical method for classification and regression. For both classification and regression problems, existing works have shown that, if the distribution of the feature vector has…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-24 Puning Zhao , Lifeng Lai

We introduce and study Laplacians on a finite metric graph endowed with generalized densities, that is, measures of finite mass. One important motivation is that this setting provides a common framework for several interesting classes of…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Kiyan Naderi , Noema Nicolussi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on graph learning tasks, but training on large-scale networks remains computationally challenging. Transferability results show that GNNs with fixed weights can generalize from smaller…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been extensively studied for prediction tasks on graphs. As pointed out by recent studies, most GNNs assume local homophily, i.e., strong similarities in local neighborhoods. This assumption however limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Sean Li , Dongwoo Kim , Qing Wang

Graph-based kNN algorithms have garnered widespread popularity for machine learning tasks due to their simplicity and effectiveness. However, as factual data often inherit complex distributions, the conventional kNN graph's reliance on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Shaojie Min , Ji Liu

We study the spectral convergence of a symmetrized Graph Laplacian matrix induced by a Gaussian kernel evaluated on pairs of embedded data, sampled from a manifold with boundary, a sub-manifold of $\mathbb{R}^m$. Specifically, we deduce the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 J. Wilson Peoples , John Harlim

We propose an adaptive graph coarsening method to jointly learn graph neural network (GNN) parameters and merge nodes via K-means clustering during training. As real-world graphs grow larger, processing them directly becomes increasingly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Rostyslav Olshevskyi , Madeline Navarro , Santiago Segarra

Consider a weighted or unweighted k-nearest neighbor graph that has been built on n data points drawn randomly according to some density p on R^d. We study the convergence of the shortest path distance in such graphs as the sample size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Morteza Alamgir , Ulrike von Luxburg

The $k$-NN graph has played a central role in increasingly popular data-driven techniques for various learning and vision tasks; yet, finding an efficient and effective way to construct $k$-NN graphs remains a challenge, especially for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-07-31 Jingdong Wang , Jing Wang , Gang Zeng , Zhuowen Tu , Rui Gan , Shipeng Li

$K$-NN classifier is one of the most famous classification algorithms, whose performance is crucially dependent on the distance metric. When we consider the distance metric as a parameter of $K$-NN, learning an appropriate distance metric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Kun Song

Let ${M}$ be a compact Riemannian submanifold of ${{\bf R}^m}$ of dimension $\scriptstyle{d}$ and let ${X_1,...,X_n}$ be a sample of i.i.d. points in ${M}$ with uniform distribution. We study the random operators $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Evarist Giné , Vladimir Koltchinskii

We consider the problem of embedding unweighted, directed k-nearest neighbor graphs in low-dimensional Euclidean space. The k-nearest neighbors of each vertex provides ordinal information on the distances between points, but not the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-06 Mihai Cucuringu , Joseph Woodworth

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been highly successful for the node classification task. GNNs typically assume graphs are homophilic, i.e. neighboring nodes are likely to belong to the same class. However, a number of real-world graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yurui Lai , Taiyan Zhang , Rui Fan

Manifold learning methods play a prominent role in nonlinear dimensionality reduction and other tasks involving high-dimensional data sets with low intrinsic dimensionality. Many of these methods are graph-based: they associate a vertex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Joe Kileel , Amit Moscovich , Nathan Zelesko , Amit Singer

We study the problem of estimating eigenpairs of elliptic differential operators from samples of a distribution $\rho$ supported on a manifold $M$. The operators discussed in the paper are relevant in unsupervised learning and in particular…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Nicolás García Trillos , Chenghui Li , Raghavendra Venkatraman

Random K-out graphs are used in several applications including modeling by sensor networks secured by the random pairwise key predistribution scheme, and payment channel networks. The random K-out graph with $n$ nodes is constructed as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Mansi Sood , Osman Yagan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received increasing attention for representation learning in various machine learning tasks. However, most existing GNNs applying neighborhood aggregation usually perform poorly on the graph with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Wei Zhuo , Guang Tan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Various Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful in analyzing data in non-Euclidean spaces, however, they have limitations such as oversmoothing, i.e., information becomes excessively averaged as the number of hidden layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jaeyoon Sim , Sooyeon Jeon , InJun Choi , Guorong Wu , Won Hwa Kim