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Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is a popular variational inference algorithm which simulates an interacting particle system to approximately sample from a target distribution, with impressive empirical performance across various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-09 Aniket Das , Dheeraj Nagaraj

Variational inference (VI) is a method to approximate the computationally intractable posterior distributions that arise in Bayesian statistics. Typically, VI fits a simple parametric distribution to the target posterior by minimizing an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-18 Chirag Modi , Charles Margossian , Yuling Yao , Robert Gower , David Blei , Lawrence Saul

Full waveform inversion (FWI) enables us to obtain high-resolution velocity models of the subsurface. However, estimating the associated uncertainties in the process is not trivial. Commonly, uncertainty estimation is performed within the…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-05-16 Muhammad Izzatullah , Matteo Ravasi , Tariq Alkhalifah

In this paper, we propose CI-VI an efficient and scalable solver for semi-implicit variational inference (SIVI). Our method, first, maps SIVI's evidence lower bound (ELBO) to a form involving a nonlinear functional nesting of expected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Vincent Moens , Hang Ren , Alexandre Maraval , Rasul Tutunov , Jun Wang , Haitham Ammar

Many particle-based Bayesian inference methods use a single global step size for all parts of the update. In Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD), however, each update combines two qualitatively different effects: attraction toward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Arash Sarshar

Accurate calibration of stochastic agent-based models (ABMs) in epidemiology is crucial to make them useful in public health policy decisions and interventions. Traditional calibration methods, e.g., Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-28 Connor Robertson , Cosmin Safta , Nicholson Collier , Jonathan Ozik , Jaideep Ray

Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is a widely used in practice algorithm for scalable sampling with deterministic particle updates. We study its behavior in the singular limit where the kernel bandwidth tends to zero. In this…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-06 José A. Carrillo , Jakub Skrzeczkowski , Jethro Warnett

Semi-implicit variational inference (SIVI) is introduced to expand the commonly used analytic variational distribution family, by mixing the variational parameter with a flexible distribution. This mixing distribution can assume any density…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-30 Mingzhang Yin , Mingyuan Zhou

Variational Inference (VI) provides a scalable framework for Bayesian inference by optimizing the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO), but convergence analysis remains challenging due to the objective's non-convexity and non-smoothness in Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Sushil Bohara , Amedeo Roberto Esposito

We propose a Stein variational gradient descent method to concurrently sparsify, train, and provide uncertainty quantification of a complexly parameterized model such as a neural network. It employs a graph reconciliation and condensation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Govinda Anantha Padmanabha , Cosmin Safta , Nikolaos Bouklas , Reese E. Jones

Posterior inference in directed graphical models is commonly done using a probabilistic encoder (a.k.a inference model) conditioned on the input. Often this inference model is trained jointly with the probabilistic decoder (a.k.a generator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-21 Amir Zadeh , Smon Hessner , Yao-Chong Lim , Louis-Phlippe Morency

Generalized Bayesian Inference (GBI) provides a flexible framework for updating prior distributions using various loss functions instead of the traditional likelihoods, thereby enhancing the model robustness to model misspecification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Elham Afzali , Saman Muthukumarana , Liqun Wang

Semi-implicit variational inference (SIVI) enhances the expressiveness of variational families through hierarchical semi-implicit distributions, but the intractability of their densities makes standard ELBO-based optimization biased. Recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-21 Longlin Yu , Ziheng Cheng , Shiyue Zhang , Cheng Zhang

We propose a general purpose variational inference algorithm that forms a natural counterpart of gradient descent for optimization. Our method iteratively transports a set of particles to match the target distribution, by applying a form of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Qiang Liu , Dilin Wang

We present a new particle filtering algorithm for nonlinear systems in the discrete-time setting. Our algorithm is based on the Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) framework, which is a general approach to sample from a target…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Jiaojiao Fan , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Yongxin Chen

We are interested in gradient-based Explicit Generative Modeling where samples can be derived from iterative gradient updates based on an estimate of the score function of the data distribution. Recent advances in Stochastic Gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-08 Wei-Cheng Chang , Chun-Liang Li , Youssef Mroueh , Yiming Yang

We propose a novel adaptive importance sampling algorithm which incorporates Stein variational gradient decent algorithm (SVGD) with importance sampling (IS). Our algorithm leverages the nonparametric transforms in SVGD to iteratively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-26 Jun Han , Qiang Liu

The Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) algorithm is a deterministic particle method for sampling. However, a mean-field analysis reveals that the gradient flow corresponding to the SVGD algorithm (i.e., the Stein Variational Gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-10 Ye He , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur , Jianfeng Lu

Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is an algorithm for sampling from a target density which is known up to a multiplicative constant. Although SVGD is a popular algorithm in practice, its theoretical study is limited to a few recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Adil Salim , Lukang Sun , Peter Richtárik

This paper introduces Distributed Stein Variational Gradient Descent (DSVGD), a non-parametric generalized Bayesian inference framework for federated learning. DSVGD maintains a number of non-random and interacting particles at a central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Rahif Kassab , Osvaldo Simeone