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Large language models (LLMs), owing to their extensive open-domain knowledge and semantic reasoning capabilities, have been increasingly integrated into recommender systems (RS). However, a substantial gap remains between the pre-training…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Bohao Wang , Jiawei Chen , Feng Liu , Changwang Zhang , Jun Wang , Canghong Jin , Chun Chen , Can Wang

Instruction tuning is critical to improve LLMs but usually suffers from low-quality and redundant data. Data filtering for instruction tuning has proved important in improving both the efficiency and performance of the tuning process. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Yong Zhang , Shwai He , Zhitao Li , Hongyu Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Tianyi Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) that are tuned with instructions have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks and languages. However, their ability to generalize to underrepresented languages is limited due to the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Samuel Cahyawijaya , Holy Lovenia , Tiezheng Yu , Willy Chung , Pascale Fung

Instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. Recent research has introduced multimodal capabilities to LLMs by integrating independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Utsav Garg , Erhan Bas

Fine-tuning on task-specific question-answer pairs is a predominant method for enhancing the performance of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, in certain specialized domains, such as healthcare or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuyang Jiang , Yusheng Liao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Instruction tuning has unlocked powerful capabilities in large language models (LLMs), effectively using combined datasets to develop generalpurpose chatbots. However, real-world applications often require a specialized suite of skills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mengzhou Xia , Sadhika Malladi , Suchin Gururangan , Sanjeev Arora , Danqi Chen

In human-written articles, we often leverage the subtleties of text style, such as bold and italics, to guide the attention of readers. These textual emphases are vital for the readers to grasp the conveyed information. When interacting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Qingru Zhang , Chandan Singh , Liyuan Liu , Xiaodong Liu , Bin Yu , Jianfeng Gao , Tuo Zhao

Language models (LMs) are often adapted through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to specialize their capabilities for downstream tasks. However, in typical scenarios where the fine-tuning data is limited, e.g., compared to pre-training, SFT can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yunhun Nam , Jaehyung Kim , Jongheon Jeong

Recent advancements highlight the success of instruction tuning with large language models (LLMs) utilizing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data for mathematical reasoning tasks. Despite the fine-tuned LLMs, challenges persist, such as incorrect,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yongwei Zhou , Tiejun Zhao

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in generating human-like text, proving to be a valuable asset across various applications. However, adapting these models to incorporate new, out-of-domain…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji

Controlling undesirable Large Language Model (LLM) behaviors, such as the generation of unsafe content or failing to adhere to safety guidelines, often relies on costly fine-tuning. Activation steering provides an alternative for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Amr Hegazy , Mostafa Elhoushi , Amr Alanwar

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained for average correctness often exhibit mode collapse, producing narrow decision behaviors on tasks where multiple responses may be reasonable. This limitation is particularly problematic in ordinal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eric Yang , Jong Ha Lee , Jonathan Amar , Elissa Ye , Yugang Jia

Recent works on instruction tuning (IT) have achieved great performance with zero-shot generalizability to unseen tasks. With additional context (e.g., task definition, examples) provided to models for fine-tuning, they achieved much higher…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Po-Nien Kung , Nanyun Peng

This work investigates the ability of open Large Language Models (LLMs) to predict citation intent through in-context learning and fine-tuning. Unlike traditional approaches relying on domain-specific pre-trained models like SciBERT, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Paris Koloveas , Serafeim Chatzopoulos , Thanasis Vergoulis , Christos Tryfonopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on extensive web-scale corpora, have demonstrated remarkable abilities across diverse tasks, especially as they are scaled up. Nevertheless, even state-of-the-art models struggle in certain cases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Irina Bigoulaeva , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Iryna Gurevych

Finding the best way of adapting pre-trained language models to a task is a big challenge in current NLP. Just like the previous generation of task-tuned models (TT), models that are adapted to tasks via in-context-learning (ICL) are robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Lucas Weber , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common first stage of LLM post-training, teaching the model to follow instructions and shaping its behavior as a helpful assistant. At the same time, SFT may harm the fundamental capabilities of an LLM,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mark Rofin , Aditya Varre , Nicolas Flammarion

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan
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