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BBR is a new congestion-based congestion control algorithm proposed by Google. A BBR flow sequentially measures the bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip delay of the network pipe, and uses the measured results to govern its sending behavior,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Shiyao Ma , Jingjie Jiang , Wei Wang , Bo Li

The congestion control algorithm bring such importance that it avoids the network link into severe congestion and guarantees network normal operation. Since The loss based algorithms introduce high transmission delay, to design new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Songyang Zhang

Google's BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip Propagation Time) approach is used to enhance internet network transmission. It is particularly intended to efficiently handle enormous amounts of data. Traditional TCP (Transmission Control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Vaishnavi Mhaske , Khushi Jain , Sai Karthik Thatikonda , Asif Kunwar

Google's BBR is the most prominent result of the recently revived quest for efficient, fair, and flexible congestion-control algorithms (CCAs). While the performance of BBR has been investigated by numerous studies, previous work still…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Simon Scherrer , Markus Legner , Adrian Perrig , Stefan Schmid

To understand the fairness properties of the BBR congestion-control algorithm (CCA), previous research has analyzed BBR behavior with a variety of models. However, previous model-based work suffers from a trade-off between accuracy and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Simon Scherrer , Adrian Perrig , Stefan Schmid

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for Internet congestion control, achieving higher link utilization than classical heuristics. However, RL-based controllers trained in single-flow environments are not…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Thomas Mbrice , Yuyu Liu

In next-generation networks, achieving Round-trip Time (RTT) fairness is essential for ensuring fair bandwidth distribution among diverse flow types, enhancing overall network utilization. The TCP congestion control algorithm -- BBR, was…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Akshita Abrol , Purnima Murali Mohan , Tram Truong-Huu

Nowadays, loss-based TCP congestion controls in general and CUBIC specifically became the de facto standard for the Internet. BBR congestion control challenges the loss-based approach by modeling the network based on estimated bandwidth and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Alexey Ivanov

Stream fairness, fairness between all streams in the system, is a more restrictive condition than sub-stream fairness, fairness between all streams of each user. Thus sub-stream fairness alleviates utility loss as well as complexity and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Cenk M. Yetis , Yong Zeng , Kushal Anand , Yong Liang Guan , Erry Gunawan

In this research, we investigate the feasibility of adopting the Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) protocol as the default congestion control mechanism for TCP. Our central question is whether BBR, particularly its…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Josue Abreu , Paul Bergeron , Sandhya Aneja

FAST-TCP achieves better performance than traditional TCP-Reno schemes, but unfortunately it is inherently unfair to older connections due to wrong estimations of the round-trip propagation delay. This paper presents a model for this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Miguel Rodríguez-Pérez , Sergio Herrería-Alonso , Manuel Fernández-Veiga , Cándido López-García

BBRv2, proposed by Google, aims at addressing BBR's shortcomings of unfairness against loss-based congestion control algorithms (CCAs) and excessive retransmissions in shallow-buffered networks. In this paper, we first comprehensively study…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Furong Yang , Qinghua Wu , Zhenyu Li , Yanmei Liu , Giovanni Pau , Gaogang Xie

Interconnection networks of parallel systems are used for servicing traf- fic generated by different applications, often belonging to different users. When multiple traffic flows contend for channel bandwidth, the scheduling algorithm…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Zhuang Wang , Xiao Lv , Mingyu Yan , Wei Yang , Ge Li

TCP BBR's behavior has been explained by various theoretical models, and in particular those that describe how it co-exists with other types of flows. However, as new versions of the BBR protocol have emerged, it remains unclear to what…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Fatih Berkay Sarpkaya , Ashutosh Srivastava , Fraida Fund , Shivendra Panwar

We propose average unfairness as a new measure of fairness in routing games, defined as the ratio between the average latency and the minimum latency experienced by users. This measure is a natural complement to two existing unfairness…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Pan-Yang Su , Arwa Alanqary , Bryce L. Ferguson , Manxi Wu , Alexandre M. Bayen , Shankar Sastry

Low delay is an explicit requirement for applications such as cloud gaming and video conferencing. Delay-based congestion control can achieve the same throughput but significantly smaller delay than loss-based one and is thus ideal for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Maximilian Bachl , Joachim Fabini , Tanja Zseby

This article is a survey of results concerning an inequality, which may be seen as a versatile tool to solve problems in the domain of Applied Probability. The inequality, which we call BRS-inequality, gives a convenient upper bound for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-13 F. Thomas Bruss

Congestion pricing has long been hailed as a means to mitigate traffic congestion; however, its practical adoption has been limited due to the resulting social inequity issue, e.g., low-income users are priced out off certain roads. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Devansh Jalota , Kiril Solovey , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Stephen Zoepf , Hamsa Balakrishnan , Marco Pavone

Congestion control algorithms are crucial in achieving high utilization while preventing overloading the network. Over the years, many different congestion control algorithms have been developed, each trying to improve in specific…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Belma Turkovic , Fernando A. Kuipers , Steve Uhlig

Cooperative vehicle safety (CVS) systems operate based on broadcast of vehicle position and safety information to neighboring cars. The communication medium of CVS is a vehicular ad-hoc network. One of the main challenges in large scale…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Neda Nasiriani , Yaser P. Fallah , Hariharan Krishnan
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