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Randomization is a fundamental tool used in many theoretical and practical areas of computer science. We study here the role of randomization in the area of submodular function maximization. In this area most algorithms are randomized, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Niv Buchbinder , Moran Feldman

We introduce and study logic programs whose clauses are built out of monotone constraint atoms. We show that the operational concept of the one-step provability operator generalizes to programs with monotone constraint atoms, but the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 V. W. Marek , I. Niemela , M. Truszczynski]

Probabilistic programming languages allow programmers to write down conditional probability distributions that represent statistical and machine learning models as programs that use observe statements. These programs are run by accumulating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Jules Jacobs

That the logarithmic distribution manifests itself in the random as well as in the deterministic (multiplication processes) has long intrigued researchers in Benford's Law. In this article it is argued that it springs from one common…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-01 Alex Ely Kossovsky

We address the problem of supporting empirical probabilities in monadic logic databases. Though the semantics of multivalued logic programs has been studied extensively, the treatment of probabilities as results of statistical findings has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Raymond T. Ng , V. S. Subrahmanian

The execution time of programs is a key element in many areas of computer science, mainly those where achieving good performance (e.g., scheduling in cloud computing) or a predictable one (e.g., meeting deadlines in embedded systems) is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Matheus Henrique Junqueira Saldanha

In spam and malware detection, attackers exploit randomization to obfuscate malicious data and increase their chances of evading detection at test time; e.g., malware code is typically obfuscated using random strings or byte sequences to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Samuel Rota Bulò , Battista Biggio , Ignazio Pillai , Marcello Pelillo , Fabio Roli

Many randomized algorithms can be derandomized efficiently using either the method of conditional expectations or probability spaces with low independence. A series of papers, beginning with work by Luby (1988), showed that in many cases…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-13 David G. Harris

We develop a denotational model for probabilistic and concurrent imperative programs, a class of programs with standard control flow via conditionals and while-loops, as well as probabilistic actions and parallel composition. Whereas…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Noam Zilberstein , Daniele Gorla , Alexandra Silva

We introduce the notion of a stochastic probabilistic program and present a reference implementation of a probabilistic programming facility supporting specification of stochastic probabilistic programs and inference in them. Stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-23 David Tolpin , Tomer Dobkin

Proving programs terminating is a fundamental computer science challenge. Recent research has produced powerful tools that can check a wide range of programs for termination. The analog for probabilistic programs, namely termination with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-16 Javier Esparza , Andreas Gaiser , Stefan Kiefer

Randomized rounding is a technique that was originally used to approximate hard offline discrete optimization problems from a mathematical programming relaxation. Since then it has also been used to approximately solve sequential stochastic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Will Ma

The correctness of most randomized distributed algorithms is expressed by a statement of the form ``some predicate of the executions holds with high probability, regardless of the order in which actions are scheduled''. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-11-23 Isaac Saias

Programs that combine I/O and countable probabilistic choice, modulo either bisimilarity or trace equivalence, can be seen as describing a probabilistic strategy. For well-founded programs, we might expect to axiomatize bisimilarity via a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nathan Bowler , Sergey Goncharov , Paul Blain Levy

Randomized mechanisms can have good normative properties compared to their deterministic counterparts. However, randomized mechanisms are problematic in several ways such as in their verifiability. We propose here to derandomize such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Toby Walsh

Separation logic's compositionality and local reasoning properties have led to significant advances in scalable static analysis. But program analysis has new challenges -- many programs display computational effects and, orthogonally,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Noam Zilberstein , Angelina Saliling , Alexandra Silva

Mechanisms for the automation of uncertainty are required for expert systems. Sometimes these mechanisms need to obey the properties of probabilistic reasoning. A purely numeric mechanism, like those proposed so far, cannot provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-15 Alan Bundy

Because human preferences are too complex to codify, AIs operate with misspecified objectives. Optimizing such objectives often produces undesirable outcomes; this phenomenon is known as reward hacking. Such outcomes are not necessarily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Henrik Marklund , Alex Infanger , Benjamin Van Roy

To model combinatorial decision problems involving uncertainty and probability, we introduce stochastic constraint programming. Stochastic constraint programs contain both decision variables (which we can set) and stochastic variables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Toby Walsh

In this paper we propose a framework for combining Disjunctive Logic Programming and Poole's Probabilistic Horn Abduction. We use the concept of hypothesis to specify the probability structure. We consider the case in which probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Liem Ngo