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Recently, Deep Learning (DL) models have been increasingly deployed on end-user devices as On-Device AI, offering improved efficiency and privacy. However, this deployment trend poses more serious Intellectual Property (IP) risks, as models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhicheng Zhang , Peizhuo Lv , Mengke Wan , Jiang Fang , Diandian Guo , Yezeng Chen , Yinlong Liu , Wei Ma , Jiyan Sun , Liru Geng

Watermark has been widely deployed by industry to detect AI-generated images. A recent watermarking framework called \emph{Stable Signature} (proposed by Meta) roots watermark into the parameters of a diffusion model's decoder such that its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuepeng Hu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Neil Gong

Deep learning, especially deep neural networks (DNNs), has been widely and successfully adopted in many critical applications for its high effectiveness and efficiency. The rapid development of DNNs has benefited from the existence of some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Yiming Li , Mingyan Zhu , Xue Yang , Yong Jiang , Tao Wei , Shu-Tao Xia

Watermarking is an important mechanism for provenance and copyright protection of diffusion-generated images. Training-free methods, exemplified by Gaussian Shading, embed watermarks into the initial noise of diffusion models with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuwei Chen , Zhenliang He , Jia Tang , Meina Kan , Shiguang Shan

Deep Neural Networks have recently gained lots of success after enabling several breakthroughs in notoriously challenging problems. Training these networks is computationally expensive and requires vast amounts of training data. Selling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Yossi Adi , Carsten Baum , Moustapha Cisse , Benny Pinkas , Joseph Keshet

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate general intelligence across a variety of machine learning tasks, thereby enhancing the commercial value of their intellectual property (IP). To protect this IP, model owners typically allow user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kaiyi Pang , Tao Qi , Chuhan Wu , Minhao Bai , Minghu Jiang , Yongfeng Huang

Digital watermarking system is a paramount for safeguarding valuable resources and information. Digital watermarks are generally imperceptible to the human eye and ear. Digital watermark can be used in video, audio and digital images for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-30 Md. Selim Reza , Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan , Md. Golam Robiul Alam , Serajul Islam

The current work is focusing on the implementation of a robust watermarking algorithm for digital images, which is based on an innovative spread spectrum analysis algorithm for watermark embedding and on a content-based image retrieval…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Dimitrios K. Tsolis , Spyros Sioutas , Theodore S. Papatheodorou

Due to costly efforts during data acquisition and model training, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) belong to the intellectual property of the model creator. Hence, unauthorized use, theft, or modification may lead to legal repercussions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Torsten Krauß , Jasper Stang , Alexandra Dmitrienko

Recent advancements in image synthesis are fueled by the advent of large-scale diffusion models. Yet, integrating realistic object visualizations seamlessly into new or existing backgrounds without extensive training remains a challenge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Phillip Mueller , Jannik Wiese , Ioan Craciun , Lars Mikelsons

The malicious applications of deep forgery, represented by face swapping, have introduced security threats such as misinformation dissemination and identity fraud. While some research has proposed the use of robust watermarking methods to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Caiyun Xie , Long Tang , Chuanxi Chen , Ziyi Liu , Jiacheng Deng

Generative AI models pose a significant challenge to intellectual property (IP), as they can replicate unique artistic styles and concepts without attribution. While watermarking offers a potential solution, existing methods often fail in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Li Zhang , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse , Pengtao Xie , Vishal Asnani

Recent progress in diffusion models has profoundly enhanced the fidelity of image generation, but it has raised concerns about copyright infringements. While prior methods have introduced adversarial perturbations to prevent style…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Namhyuk Ahn , Wonhyuk Ahn , KiYoon Yoo , Daesik Kim , Seung-Hun Nam

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have proven to be a crucial component of modern natural language processing systems. PLMs typically need to be fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which makes it hard to claim the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Chenxi Gu , Chengsong Huang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of Gaussian Shading, a prevalent watermarking technique, by integrating the Exact Diffusion Inversion via Coupled Transformations (EDICT) framework. While Gaussian Shading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Krishna Panthi

Invisible watermarking of AI-generated images can help with copyright protection, enabling detection and identification of AI-generated media. In this work, we present a novel approach to watermark images of T2I Latent Diffusion Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Mingzhen Huang , Vishal Asnani , Shruti Agarwal , Siwei Lyu , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande

Digital watermarking is a technique of information adding or information hiding in order to identify the owner of the data in multimedia content. It seems that a signal or digital image can permanently embed over another digital data…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Arijit Kumar Pal , Poulami Das , Nilanjan Dey

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen
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