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ChatGPT is built on a large language model trained on an enormous corpus of human text to emulate human conversation. Despite lacking any explicit programming regarding the laws of physics, recent work has demonstrated that GPT-3.5 could…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-04-18 Colin G. West

To maintain user trust, large language models (LLMs) should signal low confidence on examples where they are incorrect, instead of misleading the user. The standard approach of estimating confidence is to use the softmax probabilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Vaishnavi Shrivastava , Percy Liang , Ananya Kumar

This study compared the classification performance of Gemini Pro and GPT-4V in educational settings. Employing visual question answering (VQA) techniques, the study examined both models' abilities to read text-based rubrics and then…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Gyeong-Geon Lee , Ehsan Latif , Lehong Shi , Xiaoming Zhai

Generative artificial intelligences, particularly large language models (LLMs), play an increasingly prominent role in human decision-making contexts, necessitating transparency about their capabilities. While prior studies have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lydia Uhler , Verena Jordan , Jürgen Buder , Markus Huff , Frank Papenmeier

In the summer of 2020 OpenAI released its GPT-3 autoregressive language model to much fanfare. While the model has shown promise on tasks in several areas, it has not always been clear when the results were cherry-picked or when they were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Curt Kohler , Ron Daniel

We present a quantitative evaluation to understand the effect of zero-shot large-language model (LLMs) and prompting uses on chart reading tasks. We asked LLMs to answer 107 visualization questions to compare inference accuracies between…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaichun Yang , Jian Chen

Automatically evaluating vision-language tasks is challenging, especially when it comes to reflecting human judgments due to limitations in accounting for fine-grained details. Although GPT-4V has shown promising results in various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Xinlu Zhang , Yujie Lu , Weizhi Wang , An Yan , Jun Yan , Lianke Qin , Heng Wang , Xifeng Yan , William Yang Wang , Linda Ruth Petzold

Recent announcements from frontier AI model labs have highlighted strong results on high-school and undergraduate math competitions. Yet it remains unclear whether large language models can solve new, simple conjectures in more advanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Moran Feldman , Amin Karbasi

While large language models are trained on massive datasets, this data is heavily skewed towards English. Does their impressive performance reflect genuine ability or just this data advantage? To find out, we tested them in a setting where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ritesh Sunil Chavan , Jack Mostow

This study presents the first examination of the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow reasoning strategies that are used to guide Automated Theorem Provers (ATPs). We evaluate the performance of GPT4, GPT3.5 Turbo and Google's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

This paper presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving programming challenges from Leetcode, a widely used platform for algorithm practice and technical interviews. We began by crawling the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lun Wang , Chuanqi Shi , Shaoshui Du , Yiyi Tao , Yixian Shen , Hang Zheng , Yanxin Shen , Xinyu Qiu

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

We evaluated the capability of generative pre-trained transformers~(GPT-4) in analysis of textual data in tasks that require highly specialized domain expertise. Specifically, we focused on the task of analyzing court opinions to interpret…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jaromir Savelka , Kevin D. Ashley , Morgan A Gray , Hannes Westermann , Huihui Xu

The integration of generative AI into developer forums like Stack Overflow presents an opportunity to enhance problem-solving by allowing users to post screenshots of code or Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) instead of traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Faiz Ahmed , Xuchen Tan , Folajinmi Adewole , Suprakash Datta , Maleknaz Nayebi

The GPT-3.5 models have demonstrated impressive performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, showcasing their strong understanding and reasoning capabilities. However, their robustness and abilities to handle various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Xuanting Chen , Junjie Ye , Can Zu , Nuo Xu , Rui Zheng , Minlong Peng , Jie Zhou , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Most evaluations of large language models focus on standard tasks such as factual question answering or short summarization. This research expands that scope in two directions: first, by comparing two retrieval strategies, Graph RAG,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nicole Favero , Francesca Salute , Daniel Hardt

Automated Short Answer Grading (ASAG) has been an active area of machine-learning research for over a decade. It promises to let educators grade and give feedback on free-form responses in large-enrollment courses in spite of limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Gerd Kortemeyer

We evaluate the effectiveness of GPT-4 Turbo in generating educational questions from NCERT textbooks in zero-shot mode. Our study highlights GPT-4 Turbo's ability to generate questions that require higher-order thinking skills, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-5 integrate advanced reasoning capabilities that may improve performance on complex medical question-answering tasks. For this latest generation of reasoning models, the configurations that maximize…

From the dawn of the computer, Allen Turing dreamed of a robot that could communicate using language as a human being. The recent advances in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) shocked the scientific community when a single model can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Eli Borodach , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat