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Summarization is one of the most common tasks performed by large language models (LLMs), especially in applications like Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, existing evaluations of hallucinations in LLM-generated summaries, and…

Automatic fact verification systems increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs). We investigate how parametric knowledge biases in these models affect fact-checking outcomes of the HerO system (baseline for FEVER-25). We examine how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Eivind Morris Bakke , Nora Winger Heggelund

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to produce hallucinations - factually incorrect or fabricated information - which poses significant challenges for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, such as dialogue systems. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Xiangyan Chen , Yufeng Li , Yujian Gan , Arkaitz Zubiaga , Matthew Purver

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automated software engineering, yet their guarantee of correctness is frequently undermined by erroneous or hallucinated code. To enforce model honesty, formal verification requires LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Md Erfan , Md Kamal Hossain Chowdhury , Ahmed Ryan , Md Rayhanur Rahman

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Recognizing whether outputs from large language models (LLMs) contain faithfulness hallucination is crucial for real-world applications, e.g., retrieval-augmented generation and summarization. In this paper, we introduce FaithLens, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shuzheng Si , Qingyi Wang , Haozhe Zhao , Yuzhuo Bai , Guanqiao Chen , Kangyang Luo , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Minjia Zhang , Baobao Chang , Maosong Sun

While humans increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs), they are susceptible to generating inaccurate or false information, also known as "hallucinations". Technical advancements have been made in algorithms that detect hallucinated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Hyo Jin Do , Rachel Ostrand , Justin D. Weisz , Casey Dugan , Prasanna Sattigeri , Dennis Wei , Keerthiram Murugesan , Werner Geyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess a remarkable capacity to generate persuasive and intelligible language. However, coherence does not equate to truthfulness, as the responses often contain subtle hallucinations. Existing benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Alex Robertson , Huizhi Liang , Mahbub Gani , Rohit Kumar , Srijith Rajamohan

Evaluating the factuality of long-form generations from Large Language Models (LLMs) remains challenging due to efficiency bottlenecks and reliability concerns. Prior efforts attempt this by decomposing text into claims, searching for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yingjia Wan , Haochen Tan , Xiao Zhu , Xinyu Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Qingsong Lv , Changxuan Sun , Jiaqi Zeng , Yi Xu , Jianqiao Lu , Yinhong Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are notorious for blending fact with fiction and generating non-factual content, known as hallucinations. To address this challenge, we propose an interactive system that helps users gain insight into the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Simran Arora , Mrinmaya Sachan , Hendrik Strobelt , Mennatallah El-Assady

Fact verification is essential for ensuring the reliability of LLM applications. In this study, we evaluate 12 pre-trained LLMs and one specialized fact-verifier, including frontier LLMs and open-weight reasoning LLMs, using a collection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wooseok Seo , Seungju Han , Jaehun Jung , Benjamin Newman , Seungwon Lim , Seungbeen Lee , Ximing Lu , Yejin Choi , Youngjae Yu

Long-form factuality evaluation assesses the ability of models to generate accurate, comprehensive responses to short prompts. Existing benchmarks often lack human verification, leading to potential quality issues. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mingda Chen , Yang Li , Xilun Chen , Adina Williams , Gargi Ghosh , Scott Yih

Pretrained language models (LMs) are susceptible to generate text with nonfactual information. In this work, we measure and improve the factual accuracy of large-scale LMs for open-ended text generation. We design the FactualityPrompts test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Nayeon Lee , Wei Ping , Peng Xu , Mostofa Patwary , Pascale Fung , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Large language models (LLMs) often present answers with high apparent confidence despite lacking an explicit mechanism for reasoning about certainty or truth. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate single-turn accuracy, truthfulness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Mohammadreza Saadat , Steve Nemzer

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) and the real world has outpaced the static nature of widely used evaluation benchmarks, raising concerns about their reliability for evaluating LLM factuality. While substantial works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xunyi Jiang , Dingyi Chang , Julian McAuley , Xin Xu

Large language models (LLMs) may generate text that lacks consistency with human knowledge, leading to factual inaccuracies or \textit{hallucination}. Existing research for evaluating the factuality of LLMs involves extracting fact claims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Zhaoheng Huang , Zhicheng Dou , Yutao Zhu , Ji-rong Wen

Improvements in large language models have led to increasing optimism that they can serve as reliable evaluators of natural language generation outputs. In this paper, we challenge this optimism by thoroughly re-evaluating five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Ameya Godbole , Robin Jia

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) store structured factual knowledge by linking entities through relationships, crucial for many applications. These applications depend on the KG's factual accuracy, so verifying facts is essential, yet challenging.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Farzad Shami , Stefano Marchesin , Gianmaria Silvello

Grounded claim factuality checking is important for large language model (LLM) applications such as retrieval-augmented generation, as it helps users assess the correctness of generated outputs. Existing metrics using entailment classifiers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuxuan Ye , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Edwin Simpson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, yet they often struggle with maintaining factual accuracy, particularly in knowledge-intensive domains like healthcare. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Hieu Tran , Junda Wang , Yujan Ting , Weijing Huang , Terrence Chen
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