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In a parking function, a lucky car is a car that parks in its preferred parking spot and the parking outcome is the permutation encoding the order in which the cars park on the street. We give a characterization for the set of parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Pamela E. Harris , Lucy Martinez

We consider the inversion enumerator I_n(q), which counts labeled trees or, equivalently, parking functions. This polynomial has a natural extension to generalized parking functions. Substituting q = -1 into this generalized polynomial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-04 Denis Chebikin , Alexander Postnikov

We introduce parking assortments, a generalization of parking functions with cars of assorted lengths. In this setting, there are $n\in\mathbb{N}$ cars of lengths $\mathbf{y}=(y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_n)\in\mathbb{N}^n$ entering a one-way street…

Graphical parking functions, or $G$-parking functions, are a generalization of classical parking functions which depend on a connected multigraph $G$ having a distinguished root vertex. Gaydarov and Hopkins characterized the relationship…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Lauren Snider , Catherine Yan

In parking problems, a given number of cars enter a one-way street sequentially, and try to park according to a specified preferred spot in the street. Various models are possible depending on the chosen rule for collisions, when two cars…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Yujia Kang , Thomas Selig , Guanyi Yang , Yanting Zhang , Haoyue Zhu

We give a recursive definition of generalized parking function that allows us to view them as a species. From there we compute a non-commutative characteristic of the generalized parking function module, and deduce some enumeration formulas…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-07 Jean-Baptiste Priez , Aladin Virmaux

We introduce a generalization of parking functions called $t$-metered $(m,n)$-parking functions, in which one of $m$ cars parks among $n$ spots per hour then leaves after $t$ hours. We characterize and enumerate these sequences for $t=1$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Spencer Daugherty , Pamela E. Harris , Ian Klein , Matt McClinton

Unit-interval parking functions are subset of parking functions in which cars park at most one spot away from their preferred parking spot. In this paper, we characterize unit-interval parking functions by understanding how they decompose…

We propose a characterization of $k$-Naples parking functions in terms of subsequences with the structure of a complete $k$-Naples parking function. We define complete parking preferences by requiring that for all $j=2,\dots,n$, the number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Francesco Verciani

Parking functions, classically defined in terms of cars with preferred parking spots on a directed path attempting to park there, arise in many combinatorial situations and have seen various generalizations. In particular, parking functions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-13 Roger Tian

A permutation of length $n$ is called a flattened partition if the leading terms of maximal chains of ascents (called runs) are in increasing order. We analogously define flattened parking functions: a subset of parking functions for which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Jennifer Elder , Pamela E. Harris , Zoe Markman , Izah Tahir , Amanda Verga

A parking function is a sequence of N nonnegative integers majorated by a permutation of the set {0, ..., N-1}. We provide a way to encode parking functions by data suggested by J.Haglund and N.Loehr. This coding is compared with another…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yurii M. Burman

Parking functions were classically defined for $n$ cars attempting to park on a one-way street with $n$ parking spots, where cars only drive forward. Subsequently, parking functions have been generalized in various ways, including allowing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Roger Tian

In this expository article I describe classical results in the combinatorics of parking functions. Its English-Spanish translation is included. -- -- En este art\'iculo de difusi\'on matem\'atica describo resultados cl\'asicos en la…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-04-25 J. Carlos Martínez Mori

Parking functions are a widely studied class of combinatorial objects, with connections to several branches of mathematics. On the algebraic side, parking functions can be identified with the standard monomials of $M_n$, a certain monomial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Anton Dochtermann , Westin King

Parking functions are tuples that describe the parking of $M$ cars on a street with $M$ parking spots. In this paper, we define exact $k$-typed parking functions ($k$-TPFs) to be a variant of classical parking functions. We then establish…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Aalliyah Celestine , Jacob van der Leeuw , Lina Liu

The notion of parking sequences is a new generalization of parking functions introduced by Ehrenborg and Happ. In the parking process defining the classical parking functions, instead of each car only taking one parking space, we allow the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Ayomikun Adeniran , Catherine Yan

For any integers $1\leq k\leq n$, we introduce a new family of parking functions called $k$-vacillating parking functions of length $n$. The parking rule for $k$-vacillating parking functions allows a car with preference $p$ to park in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Bruce Fang , Pamela E. Harris , Brian M. Kamau , David Wang

We extend the notion of parking function polytopes and study their geometric and combinatorial structure, including normal fans, face posets, and $h$-polynomials, as well as their connections to other classes of polytopes. To capture their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Fu Liu , Warut Thawinrak

Interval parking functions are a generalization of parking functions in which cars have an interval preference for their parking. We generalize this definition to parking functions with $n$ cars and $m\geq n$ parking spots, which we call…