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Out-of-distribution detection is a common issue in deploying vision models in practice and solving it is an essential building block in safety critical applications. Most of the existing OOD detection solutions focus on improving the OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tomas Vojir , Jan Sochman , Rahaf Aljundi , Jiri Matas

Methods which utilize the outputs or feature representations of predictive models have emerged as promising approaches for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection of image inputs. However, these methods struggle to detect OOD inputs that share…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Lily H. Zhang , Rajesh Ranganath

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning systems, particularly in dynamic and open-world environments. In the vision and text domains, zero-shot OOD detection - which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoyan Xu , Zhengtao Yao , Xuzhi Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Langzhou He , Yushun Dong , Philip S. Yu , Mengyuan Li , Yue Zhao

Graph representation learning based on graph neural networks (GNNs) can greatly improve the performance of downstream tasks, such as node and graph classification. However, the general GNN models do not aggregate node information in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Fei Ding , Xiaohong Zhang , Justin Sybrandt , Ilya Safro

Graph Neural Network-based methods face privacy leakage risks due to the introduction of topological structures about the targets, which allows attackers to bypass the target's prior knowledge of the sensitive attributes and realize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jinyan Wang , Liu Yang , Yuecen Wei , Jiaxuan Si , Chenhao Guo , Qingyun Sun , Xianxian Li , Xingcheng Fu

We expect the generalization error to improve with more samples from a similar task, and to deteriorate with more samples from an out-of-distribution (OOD) task. In this work, we show a counter-intuitive phenomenon: the generalization error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Ashwin De Silva , Rahul Ramesh , Carey E. Priebe , Pratik Chaudhari , Joshua T. Vogelstein

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Huachi Zhou , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation is considered a hallmark of human and animal intelligence. To achieve OOD through composition, a system must discover the environment-invariant properties of experienced input-output mappings and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 George Dimitriadis , Spyridon Samothrakis

Bundle recommendation is an emerging research direction in the recommender system with the focus on recommending customized bundles of items for users. Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been applied in this problem and achieve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zhenning Zhang , Boxin Du , Hanghang Tong

Classification and regression in which the inputs are graphs of arbitrary size and shape have been paid attention in various fields such as computational chemistry and bioinformatics. Subgraph indicators are often used as the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Ryo Shirakawa , Yusei Yokoyama , Fumiya Okazaki , Ichigaku Takigawa

This paper introduces a universal approach to seamlessly combine out-of-distribution (OOD) detection scores. These scores encompass a wide range of techniques that leverage the self-confidence of deep learning models and the anomalous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Eduardo Dadalto , Florence Alberge , Pierre Duhamel , Pablo Piantanida

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensure the safe deployment of deep learning models in critical applications. Deep learning models can often misidentify OOD samples as in-distribution (ID) samples. This vulnerability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Sudarshan Regmi

Diffusion has shown great success in improving accuracy of unsupervised image retrieval systems by utilizing high-order structures of image manifold. However, existing diffusion methods suffer from three major limitations: 1) they usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Zhiyong Dou , Haotian Cui , Lin Zhang , Bo Wang

Classification tasks present challenges due to class imbalances and evolving data distributions. Addressing these issues requires a robust method to handle imbalances while effectively detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Priyanka Chudasama , Anil Surisetty , Aakarsh Malhotra , Alok Singh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for enhancing the generalization of AI models used in mammogram screening. Given the challenge of limited prior knowledge about OOD samples in external datasets, unsupervised generative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Zhemin Zhang , Bhavika Patel , Bhavik Patel , Imon Banerjee

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is one of the central problems in modern machine learning. Recently, there is a surge of attempts to propose algorithms that mainly build upon the idea of extracting invariant features.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Haotian Ye , Chuanlong Xie , Tianle Cai , Ruichen Li , Zhenguo Li , Liwei Wang

Detecting whether examples belong to a given in-distribution or are Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) requires identifying features specific to the in-distribution. In the absence of labels, these features can be learned by self-supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Nima Rafiee , Rahil Gholamipoorfard , Nikolas Adaloglou , Simon Jaxy , Julius Ramakers , Markus Kollmann

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task in machine learning that seeks to identify abnormal samples. Traditionally, unsupervised methods utilize a deep generative model for OOD detection. However, such approaches require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Alvin Heng , Alexandre H. Thiery , Harold Soh