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Knowledge graph (KG) embedding encodes the entities and relations from a KG into low-dimensional vector spaces to support various applications such as KG completion, question answering, and recommender systems. In real world, knowledge…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Melvin Yong , Guilin Qi , Meng Wang

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) is the most common graphical model for representing causal relationships among a set of variables. When restricted to using only observational data, the structure of the ground truth DAG is identifiable only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-12 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

Due to its human-interpretability and invariance properties, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) has been a foundational tool across various areas of AI research, leading to significant advancements. However, DAG learning remains highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Naiyu Yin , Tian Gao , Yue Yu

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Learning the structure of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) presents a significant challenge due to the vast combinatorial search space of possible graphs, which scales exponentially with the number of nodes. Recent advancements have redefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Klea Ziu , Slavomír Hanzely , Loka Li , Kun Zhang , Martin Takáč , Dmitry Kamzolov

Embedding-based methods for reasoning in knowledge hypergraphs learn a representation for each entity and relation. Current methods do not capture the procedural rules underlying the relations in the graph. We propose a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Bahare Fatemi , Perouz Taslakian , David Vazquez , David Poole

Textual logical reasoning, especially question-answering (QA) tasks with logical reasoning, requires awareness of particular logical structures. The passage-level logical relations represent entailment or contradiction between propositional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yinya Huang , Lemao Liu , Kun Xu , Meng Fang , Liang Lin , Xiaodan Liang

Knowledge graph reasoning in the fully-inductive setting, where both entities and relations at test time are unseen during training, remains an open challenge. In this work, we introduce GraphOracle, a novel framework that achieves robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Enjun Du , Siyi Liu , Yongqi Zhang

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs, also known as Bayesian networks) is a challenging problem since the search space of DAGs is combinatorial and scales superexponentially with the number of nodes. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Xun Zheng , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar , Eric P. Xing

A DAG compression of a (typically dense) graph is a simple data structure that stores how vertex clusters are connected, where the clusters are described indirectly as sets of reachable sinks in a directed acyclic graph (DAG). They…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Florian Chudigiewitsch , Till Tantau , Felix Winkler

Current methods for embedding-based query answering over incomplete Knowledge Graphs (KGs) only focus on inductive reasoning, i.e., predicting answers by learning patterns from the data, and lack the complementary ability to do deductive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Medina Andresel , Trung-Kien Tran , Csaba Domokos , Pasquale Minervini , Daria Stepanova

This paper proposes a novel, algorithm-independent approach to optimizing belief network inference. rather than designing optimizations on an algorithm by algorithm basis, we argue that one should use an unoptimized algorithm to generate a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Adnan Darwiche , Gregory M. Provan

Domain-specific QA systems require not just generative fluency but high factual accuracy grounded in structured expert knowledge. While recent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks improve context recall, they struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 David Osei Opoku , Ming Sheng , Yong Zhang

Reasoning is a fundamental problem for computers and deeply studied in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we specifically focus on answering multi-hop logical queries on Knowledge Graphs (KGs). This is a complicated task because, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Alfonso Amayuelas , Shuai Zhang , Susie Xi Rao , Ce Zhang

Assuming a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that represents prior knowledge of causal relationships between variables is a common starting point for cause-effect estimation. Existing literature typically invokes hypothetical domain expert…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 Kirtan Padh , Zhufeng Li , Cecilia Casolo , Niki Kilbertus

Unsupervised attributed graph representation learning is challenging since both structural and feature information are required to be represented in the latent space. Existing methods concentrate on learning latent representation via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Zelin Zang , Siyuan Li , Di Wu , Jianzhu Guo , Yongjie Xu , Stan Z. Li

Knowledge graph (KG) embedding methods which map entities and relations to unique embeddings in the KG have shown promising results on many reasoning tasks. However, the same embedding dimension for both dense entities and sparse entities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Linlin Chao , Xiexiong Lin , Taifeng Wang , Wei Chu

Graph embedding provides an efficient solution for graph analysis by converting the graph into a low-dimensional space which preserves the structure information. In contrast to the graph structure data, the i.i.d. node embedding can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Hongyun Cai , Vincent W. Zheng , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Graph RAG) effectively builds a knowledge graph (KG) to connect disparate facts across a large document corpus. However, this broad-view approach often lacks the deep structured reasoning needed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaoyang Li , Junhao Ruan , Shengwei Tang , Saihan Chen , Kaiyan Chang , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Enterprises increasingly need natural language (NL) question answering over hybrid data lakes that combine structured tables and unstructured documents. Current deployed solutions, including RAG-based systems, typically rely on brute-force…