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$K$-means clustering is a widely used machine learning method for identifying patterns in large datasets. Recently, semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations have been proposed for solving the $K$-means optimization problem, which enjoy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-16 Yubo Zhuang , Xiaohui Chen , Yun Yang , Richard Y. Zhang

In recent years, substantial progress has been made on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs). However, the computing of GCN usually requires a large memory space for keeping the entire graph. In consequence, GCN is not flexible enough,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Qiang Liu , Haoli Zhang , Zhaocheng Liu

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) is an open-world problem that clusters unlabeled data by leveraging knowledge from partially labeled categories. A key challenge is that unlabeled data may contain both known and novel categories.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Haiyang Zheng , Nan Pu , Wenjing Li , Nicu Sebe , Zhun Zhong

In this paper we tackle the problem of Generalized Category Discovery (GCD). Specifically, given a dataset with labelled and unlabelled images, the task is to cluster all images in the unlabelled subset, whether or not they belong to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Sagar Vaze , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Recently, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely adopted for community detection, because of its better interpretability. However, the existing NMF-based methods have the following three problems: 1) they directly transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yuecheng Li , Jialong Chen , Chuan Chen , Lei Yang , Zibin Zheng

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used tool for learning parts-based, low-dimensional representations of nonnegative data, with applications in vision, text, and bioinformatics. In clustering applications, orthogonal NMF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Manh Nguyen , Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón

Generalized category discovery (GCD) aims at addressing a more realistic and challenging setting of semi-supervised learning, where only part of the category labels are assigned to certain training samples. Previous methods generally employ…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yuanpeng Tu , Zhun Zhong , Yuxi Li , Hengshuang Zhao

Symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) has demonstrated to be a powerful method for data clustering. However, SNMF is mathematically formulated as a non-convex optimization problem, making it sensitive to the initialization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Yuheng Jia , Hui Liu , Junhui Hou , Sam Kwong , Qingfu Zhang

By combining related objects, unsupervised machine learning techniques aim to reveal the underlying patterns in a data set. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a data mining technique that splits data matrices by imposing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Yasser Khalafaoui , Nistor Grozavu , Basarab Matei , Laurent-Walter Goix

Generalized category discovery (GCD) is a pragmatic but underexplored problem, which requires models to automatically cluster and discover novel categories by leveraging the labeled samples from old classes. The challenge is that unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shijie Ma , Fei Zhu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Although a number of studies are devoted to novel category discovery, most of them assume a static setting where both labeled and unlabeled data are given at once for finding new categories. In this work, we focus on the application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xinwei Zhang , Jianwen Jiang , Yutong Feng , Zhi-Fan Wu , Xibin Zhao , Hai Wan , Mingqian Tang , Rong Jin , Yue Gao

Generalized Class Discovery (GCD) clusters base and novel classes in a target domain using supervision from a source domain with only base classes. Current methods often falter with distribution shifts and typically require access to target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Vaibhav Rathore , Shubhranil B , Saikat Dutta , Sarthak Mehrotra , Zsolt Kira , Biplab Banerjee

We propose to bridge the gap between semi-supervised and unsupervised image recognition with a flexible method that performs well for both generalized category discovery (GCD) and image clustering. Despite the overlap in motivation between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Gihan Jayatilaka , Abhinav Shrivastava , Matthew Gwilliam

Given a symmetric nonnegative matrix $A$, symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (symNMF) is the problem of finding a nonnegative matrix $H$, usually with much fewer columns than $A$, such that $A \approx HH^T$. SymNMF can be used for…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Arnaud Vandaele , Nicolas Gillis , Qi Lei , Kai Zhong , Inderjit Dhillon

The symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), a special but important class of the general NMF, has found numerous applications in data analysis such as various clustering tasks. Unfortunately, designing fast algorithms for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Xiao Li , Zhihui Zhu , Qiuwei Li , Kai Liu

We propose a new variant of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), combining separability and sparsity assumptions. Separability requires that the columns of the first NMF factor are equal to columns of the input matrix, while sparsity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Nicolas Nadisic , Arnaud Vandaele , Jeremy E. Cohen , Nicolas Gillis

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) approximates a nonnegative matrix, $X$, by the product of two nonnegative factors, $WH$, where $W$ has $r$ columns and $H$ has $r$ rows. In this paper, we consider NMF using the component-wise L1 norm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Giovanni Seraghiti , Kévin Dubrulle , Arnaud Vandaele , Nicolas Gillis

Continual Generalized Category Discovery (C-GCD) requires identifying novel classes from unlabeled data while retaining knowledge of known classes over time. Existing methods typically update classifier weights dynamically, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jizhou Han , Chenhao Ding , SongLin Dong , Yuhang He , Shaokun Wang , Qiang Wang , Yihong Gong

The Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) of the rating matrix has shown to be an effective method to tackle the recommendation problem. In this paper we propose new methods based on the NMF of the rating matrix and we compare them with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Gianna M. Del Corso , Francesco Romani

A recent theoretical analysis shows the equivalence between non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and spectral clustering based approach to subspace clustering. As NMF and many of its variants are essentially linear, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-08 Dijana Tolic , Nino Antulov-Fantulin , Ivica Kopriva